volcanic hazards
Lava flow risks
Volcanic hazards are the dangerous phenomena associated with volcanic eruptions.
These include lava flows, pyroclastic flows (fast-moving clouds of hot gas and debris), ashfall, lahars (volcanic mudflows), toxic gas emissions, and volcanic landslides.
The term appears in geology, emergency management, and land-use planning: The town sits in a volcanic hazards zone.
Unlike volcanic risk, which factors in human exposure, hazards refer to the natural phenomena themselves.
- laharVolcanic debris flow
- tephraEjected volcanic material
- ashfallAirborne volcanic debris descending
- lavaErupted liquid stone
- acid rainPolluted atmospheric moisture falling
pyroclastic flow · lava flow · crop failure · water contamination · respiratory illness · caldera · psychological stress · economic loss · landslide · crater lake · gas emissions · tsunami · biodiversity loss · stratovolcano · blast · global cooling · mudflow · magma