genetic markers
Hereditary identification points
Genetic markers are identifiable sequences in DNA that can be tracked to study inheritance, identify individuals, or detect disease risk.
Scientists use them to trace ancestry, link genes to conditions, and establish paternity or forensic identity: The genetic markers suggested elevated risk for breast cancer.
In agriculture, markers help breeders select desirable traits.
Variant forms of genes
- lociPositions or places
- polymorphismMany forms, one interface
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
Genetic ancestry classification
- mitochondrial DNAMaternally inherited organelle genome
- Y-chromosomeMale-determining genetic unit
- lineageDescent from progenitors
- ethnic originsAncestral cultural background
population migration · maternal line · paternal line · admixture · family tree · pedigree · descent
Differential reproductive success
- adaptationFitting to new conditions
- speciationFormation of distinct species
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- selection pressureForce favoring certain traits
Evaluative selection process
- testingExamining to evaluate
- carrierOne that transports
- predispositionInnate tendency toward something
- risk assessmentEvaluating likelihood of harm
prenatal testing · newborn screening · pharmacogenomics · hereditary conditions · BRCA · karyotype · penetrance
alleles
Variant forms of genes
- lociPositions or places
- polymorphismMany forms, one interface
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
haplogroup
Genetic ancestry classification
- mitochondrial DNAMaternally inherited organelle genome
- Y-chromosomeMale-determining genetic unit
- lineageDescent from progenitors
ethnic origins · population migration · maternal line · paternal line · admixture · family tree · pedigree · descent
natural selection
Differential reproductive success
- adaptationFitting to new conditions
- speciationFormation of distinct species
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
selection pressure · fitness · bottleneck · divergence · coalescence
screening
Evaluative selection process
- testingExamining to evaluate
- carrierOne that transports
- predispositionInnate tendency toward something
risk assessment · prenatal testing · newborn screening · pharmacogenomics · hereditary conditions · BRCA · karyotype · penetrance
- ancestryancestors, kinship, ancestor, clan, ancestry
- hereditygenes, DNA, chromosomes, inheritance, traits
- BiotechDNA, bioengineering, DNA sequencing, clone, CRISPR
- forensicsDNA, DNA analysis, fingerprints, forensics, criminalistics
- genealogyfamily trees, family history, descendants, ancestors, ancestry tracing
- geneticsDNA, allele, genes, chromosomes, chromosome
genetic markersphysical traits
Bodily characteristics one inherits
phenotype · behavioral traits · body type · complexion · stature
genetic markersenvironmental factors
Outside influences on organisms
lifestyle factors · nurture · environmental influences · acquired traits · conditioned responses
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