effectors
Response-producing body parts
Effectors are organs or cells that carry out responses to stimuli.
In biology, muscles and glands are the primary effectors—they receive signals from the nervous system and produce action: The effector muscles contracted in response to the nerve impulse.
In robotics and engineering, an end effector is the device at the tip of a robotic arm that interacts with the environment—a gripper, welding torch, or surgical tool.
Contractile body tissue
- organBody's working component
- glandSecreting body organ
- tissueDisposable soft paper
- motor neuronNerve cell activating muscles
response · contraction · secretion · innervation · autonomic · somatic · peripheral · visceral
Folded amino chain
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
- kinasePhosphate-transferring enzyme
- phosphatasePhosphate-cleaving enzyme
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
Cas9 · nuclease · substrate · catalysis · active site · cofactor · downstream · pathway
Device producing controlled motion
- servoSelf-regulating motor
- motorEnergy-to-motion converter
- pneumaticUsing pressurized gas
- hydraulicRelating to pressurized liquids
gripper · manipulator · robotic arm · mechanical · automation · joint · controller · sensor
Thymus-derived immune lymphocyte
- cytotoxicToxic to cells
- lymphocyteImmune system white cell
- antibodyProtein targeting foreign substances
- complementWhat makes complete
phagocyte · macrophage · neutrophil · cytokine · humoral · inflammatory · pathogen · antigen
muscle
Contractile body tissue
motor neuron · response · contraction · secretion · innervation · autonomic · somatic · peripheral · visceral · smooth muscle
protein
Folded amino chain
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
- kinasePhosphate-transferring enzyme
- phosphatasePhosphate-cleaving enzyme
CRISPR · Cas9 · nuclease · substrate · catalysis · active site · cofactor · downstream · pathway · cascade
actuator
Device producing controlled motion
hydraulic · gripper · manipulator · robotic arm · mechanical · automation · joint · controller · sensor · feedback
T cell
Thymus-derived immune lymphocyte
- cytotoxicToxic to cells
- lymphocyteImmune system white cell
- antibodyProtein targeting foreign substances
complement · phagocyte · macrophage · neutrophil · cytokine · humoral · inflammatory · pathogen · antigen · lysis
effectorsreceptors
Proteins binding specific molecules
sensors · sensory organs · detectors · sensory receptors · sense organs