dual control
Split steering authority
Dual control refers to a system requiring two people to operate or authorize something, typically as a security or safety measure.
Bank vaults may need two keys turned simultaneously; nuclear launch procedures require two officers.
In driver education, dual control describes a vehicle with pedals accessible to both student and instructor: The driving school car has dual controls so the instructor can brake if needed.
Constitutional distribution of authority
- checks and balancesConstitutional power-limiting framework
- oversightSupervision or inadvertent omission
- accountabilityObligation for one's actions
- bipartiteDivided into two parts
joint authority · shared responsibility · veto · approval · signatory · authorization · compliance · audit
One who steers aircraft
- copilotAuxiliary aircraft operator
- cockpitPilot's control compartment
- yokeCrosspiece binding draft animals
- throttlePower flow controller
rudder · pedals · override · flight deck · captain · first officer · tandem · flight instructor
One who teaches skills
- learnerOne gaining knowledge
- student driverPermit holder learning roads
- driving schoolPlace to learn motoring
- pedalsFoot-operated levers
steering wheel · brake · clutch · accelerator · supervision · lesson · practice · road test
Needless duplication
- backupStored duplicate for recovery
- failsafeAutomatic protective default
- overrideCancel by authority
- emergencySerious sudden danger
fault tolerance · cross-check · verification · nuclear launch · authorization · safeguard · interlock · risk mitigation
separation of powers
Constitutional distribution of authority
- checks and balancesConstitutional power-limiting framework
- oversightSupervision or inadvertent omission
- accountabilityObligation for one's actions
bipartite · joint authority · shared responsibility · veto · approval · signatory · authorization · compliance · audit · regulation
pilot
One who steers aircraft
- copilotAuxiliary aircraft operator
- cockpitPilot's control compartment
- yokeCrosspiece binding draft animals
throttle · rudder · pedals · override · flight deck · captain · first officer · tandem · flight instructor · checkride
instructor
One who teaches skills
- learnerOne gaining knowledge
- student driverPermit holder learning roads
- driving schoolPlace to learn motoring
pedals · steering wheel · brake · clutch · accelerator · supervision · lesson · practice · road test · permit
redundancy
Needless duplication
emergency · fault tolerance · cross-check · verification · nuclear launch · authorization · safeguard · interlock · risk mitigation · error prevention
- safe deposit boxlockbox, vault, strongbox, safe, deeds
- safe deposit boxesbank vaults, vaults, keys, locks, metal boxes
- electric blanketselectric blanket, heated blanket, warming blanket, auto shutoff, heat settings
- shared powerpower sharing, joint sovereignty, co-management, co-administration, coalition government
- bank vaultvault door, safe deposit box, safe-deposit box, safety deposit box, strongroom
- electric toasterspop-up toaster, heating element, crumb tray, warming rack