diploids
Two chromosome sets
Diploids are organisms or cells containing two complete sets of chromosomes—one inherited from each parent.
Most animals, including humans, are diploids, with paired chromosomes in every cell except eggs and sperm.
The term contrasts with haploid (one set) and polyploid (more than two sets).
Diploids reproduce sexually, combining genetic material from two parents.
Gene-bearing nuclear structures
- homologousHaving shared evolutionary origin
- pairsMatched sets of two
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- zygoteFirst embryonic cell
meiosis · gametes · fertilization · somatic · karyotype · genome · heterozygous · dominant
Homo sapiens members
- mammalsHair-bearing, milk-producing animals
- animalsMulticellular mobile organisms
- plantsPhotosynthesizing rooted organisms
- fungiSpore-reproducing decomposers
angiosperms · vertebrates · invertebrates · ferns · mosses · algae · protists · multicellular
Count of genetic packages
- genome duplicationCopying all chromosomes
- dosageMeasured medicine amount
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
- speciationFormation of distinct species
Fruit fly genus
- yeastFermenting fungus
- cell culturesCells maintained artificially
- breedingReproductive cultivation of organisms
- agricultureCultivation of land, livestock
cytogenetics · microscopy · staining · karyotyping · genomics · sequencing · hybrid vigor · selective breeding
chromosomes
Gene-bearing nuclear structures
- homologousHaving shared evolutionary origin
- pairsMatched sets of two
- allelesVariant forms of genes
zygote · meiosis · gametes · fertilization · somatic · karyotype · genome · heterozygous · dominant · recessive
humans
Homo sapiens members
- mammalsHair-bearing, milk-producing animals
- animalsMulticellular mobile organisms
- plantsPhotosynthesizing rooted organisms
fungi · angiosperms · vertebrates · invertebrates · ferns · mosses · algae · protists · multicellular · sexual reproduction
chromosome number
Count of genetic packages
- genome duplicationCopying all chromosomes
- dosageMeasured medicine amount
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
Drosophila
Fruit fly genus
- yeastFermenting fungus
- cell culturesCells maintained artificially
- breedingReproductive cultivation of organisms
agriculture · cytogenetics · microscopy · staining · karyotyping · genomics · sequencing · hybrid vigor · selective breeding