Great Northern War
Peter's Baltic conquest
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by Russia challenged Swedish dominance in the Baltic region.
Sweden under Charles XII initially prevailed against Denmark, Poland-Saxony, and Russia, but Peter the Great's victory at Poltava in 1709 marked the turning point.
The war ended Swedish imperial power and established Russia as a major European force.
Russo-Swedish peace settlement, 1721
- power shiftTransfer of control
- military reformChanging armed forces organization
- naval supremacyDominant fleet control
German state around Dresden
- Denmark-NorwayFormer unified Nordic state
- PrussiaFormer German kingdom
- Ottoman EmpireTurkish sultanate, 1299-1922
- coalitionTemporary alliance for action
alliance · partition · diplomacy · succession · betrayal · shifting alliances · subsidy · mercenary
Encirclement forcing surrender
- battleArmed military engagement
- campaignOrganized effort toward goal
- treatyBinding pact between nations
- allianceFormal union of parties
armistice · warfare · engagement · assault · defeat · victory · occupation · territorial
Ground combat troops
- cavalryMounted military force
- artilleryLarge-caliber battlefield weapons
- musketeerSoldier armed with musket
- dragoonCavalryman or browbeat
army · navy · fortifications · sapper · mines · battalion · regiment · garrison
Russian absolute monarch
- St. PetersburgRussian Baltic port city
- expansionIncrease in scope
- modernizationAdoption of current methods
- WesternizationAdopting Western cultural practices
serfdom · reforms · boyars · warm-water port · foundation
Sweden's seat of government
- declineDecrease or refuse
- abdicationFormal surrender of power
- regencySubstitute monarch's authority
- nobilityTitled ruling class
conscription · Carol · warrior king · overreach · invasion · exile
Treaty of Nystad
Russo-Swedish peace settlement, 1721
- power shiftTransfer of control
- military reformChanging armed forces organization
- naval supremacyDominant fleet control
Saxony
German state around Dresden
- Denmark-NorwayFormer unified Nordic state
- PrussiaFormer German kingdom
- Ottoman EmpireTurkish sultanate, 1299-1922
coalition · alliance · partition · diplomacy · succession · betrayal · shifting alliances · subsidy · mercenary
siege
Encirclement forcing surrender
- battleArmed military engagement
- campaignOrganized effort toward goal
- treatyBinding pact between nations
alliance · armistice · warfare · engagement · assault · defeat · victory · occupation · territorial · casus belli
infantry
Ground combat troops
- cavalryMounted military force
- artilleryLarge-caliber battlefield weapons
- musketeerSoldier armed with musket
dragoon · army · navy · fortifications · sapper · mines · battalion · regiment · garrison · logistics
tsar
Russian absolute monarch
- St. PetersburgRussian Baltic port city
- expansionIncrease in scope
- modernizationAdoption of current methods
Westernization · serfdom · reforms · boyars · warm-water port · foundation
Stockholm
Sweden's seat of government
- declineDecrease or refuse
- abdicationFormal surrender of power
- regencySubstitute monarch's authority
nobility · conscription · Carol · warrior king · overreach · invasion · exile
- WarsWorld War I, WWI, civil war, cold war, Korean War
- Nordic HistoryViking Age, Viking raids, longships, runestones, sagas
- 18th CenturyQueen Anne, Handel, Bach, Treaty of Utrecht, Baroque
- 18th Century WarsSeven Years War, American Revolution, French Revolution, War of Austrian Succession, War of Spanish Succession
- Danish HistoryViking Age, Viking era, German occupation, Nazi occupation, Copenhagen
- Peter Itsar, Romanov dynasty, Russia, Russian Empire, modernization
Great Northern WarThirty Years' War
1618-1648 European religious conflict
Crusades · Reconquista · Pacific War · Napoleonic Wars · Seven Years' War
Great Northern WarThirty Years' War
1618-1648 European religious conflict
Eighty Years' War · Napoleonic Wars · English Civil War · War of the Roses