Chalcolithic
Early metalworking era
The Chalcolithic is the archaeological period, roughly 4500–3500 BCE in the Near East, when copper metallurgy emerged while stone tools remained in use.
Also called the Copper Age or Eneolithic.
Chalcolithic cultures developed sophisticated ceramic traditions, The Chalcolithic preceded the Bronze Age. (Lowercase chalcolithic functions as an adjective.)
Extracting metal from ore
- oreMetal-bearing rock
- castingShaping through liquid form
- crucibleVessel for extreme heat
- moldForm-giving container
slag · awl · axe · dagger · ornaments · beads · patina · corrosion
Final prehistoric stone-tool era
- Bronze AgeEarly metalworking civilization period
- MesolithicMiddle stone era
- periodizationDivision into distinct periods
- timelineOrdered display of events
Act of unearthing
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- radiocarbon datingDetermining age via isotope decay
- artifactsHuman-made historical objects
- settlementsEstablished communities or agreements
burials · ceramics · pottery · tumulus · dolmen · menhir · henge · tell
Cultivation of land, livestock
- domesticationAdapting species to captivity
- villagesSmall rural settlements
- potteryFired clay objects
- weavingInterlacing strands into fabric
trade · social stratification · animal husbandry · plow · irrigation · specialization · surplus · chiefdom
Spark-producing sedimentary rock
- knappingFracturing stone for tools
- arrowheadPiercing end of projectile
- bladeFlat cutting edge
- scraperTool for removing buildup
polished stone · grinding stone · pressure flaking · core · retouching
Placing dead underground
- figurinesSmall ornamental sculptures
- megalithsLarge prehistoric stones
- sanctuariesProtected places of refuge
- offeringsThings presented or given
symbols · ochre · votive · shrines · ossuary · ivory · shell
Cultivation of land, livestock
- domesticationAdapting species to captivity
- cultivationFostering growth through care
- irrigationArtificial water supply for agriculture
- plowTool for turning soil
sheep · goats · cattle · wheat · barley · lentils · pastoralism · dairying
smelting
Extracting metal from ore
mold · slag · awl · axe · dagger · ornaments · beads · patina · corrosion · hammering
Neolithic
Final prehistoric stone-tool era
- Bronze AgeEarly metalworking civilization period
- MesolithicMiddle stone era
- periodizationDivision into distinct periods
excavation
Act of unearthing
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- radiocarbon datingDetermining age via isotope decay
- artifactsHuman-made historical objects
settlements · burials · ceramics · pottery · tumulus · dolmen · menhir · henge · tell · midden
agriculture
Cultivation of land, livestock
- domesticationAdapting species to captivity
- villagesSmall rural settlements
- potteryFired clay objects
weaving · trade · social stratification · animal husbandry · plow · irrigation · specialization · surplus · chiefdom · urbanization
flint
Spark-producing sedimentary rock
scraper · polished stone · grinding stone · pressure flaking · core · retouching
burials
Placing dead underground
- figurinesSmall ornamental sculptures
- megalithsLarge prehistoric stones
- sanctuariesProtected places of refuge
offerings · symbols · ochre · votive · shrines · ossuary · ivory · shell
agriculture
Cultivation of land, livestock
- domesticationAdapting species to captivity
- cultivationFostering growth through care
- irrigationArtificial water supply for agriculture
plow · sheep · goats · cattle · wheat · barley · lentils · pastoralism · dairying · wool
Baden
Former German state
- prehistorystone tools, Neolithic, Stone Age, caveman, cavemen
- Historical AgesStone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Copper Age, Golden Age
- historical erasStone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Middle Ages, Renaissance
- Asian PrehistoryPaleolithic, Bronze Age, hunter-gatherers, stone tools, pottery shards
- Bronze Agebronze swords, bronze, bronze tools, bronze jewelry, bronze dagger
- geologic timeeons, eon, epochs, era, epoch
ChalcolithicIron Age
Post-bronze historical period
Bronze Age · Neolithic · Paleolithic · Industrial Age · Mesolithic