pre-Roman
Before the legions
Pre-Roman describes the period, peoples, or cultures existing before Roman conquest or influence in a given region.
In Britain, pre-Roman refers to Celtic and earlier societies before the invasion of 43 CE.
Pre-Roman ruins dot the hillside.
The term appears frequently in archaeology and ancient history to distinguish indigenous cultures from what came after Roman expansion.
Of Irish-Welsh descent
- EtruscanAncient central Italian people
- IberianOf Spain and Portugal
- GallicOf France or Frenchness
- PictishOf Scotland's early people
Thracian · indigenous · tribal · conquest · annexation · subjugation · colonization · assimilation
Underlying supporting material
- CelticOf Irish-Welsh descent
- EtruscanAncient central Italian people
- BasquePyrenees ethnic group
- IberianOf Spain and Portugal
loanword · etymology · inscription · alphabet · place-name · borrowing · Indo-European · Pictish
Fortified ancient hilltop enclosure
- burial moundEarth piled over graves
- artifactHuman-made historical object
- excavationAct of unearthing
- settlementResolved dispute or colony
pottery · bronze · ironwork · coins · fibula · torc · dolmen · menhir
Ancient Celtic priest-scholar
- animismSpirits inhabit all things
- polytheismBelief in multiple deities
- sacred groveWoodland deemed divine
- votiveOffered in devotion
shrine · deity · ritual · sacrifice · offering · divination · sanctuary · nemeton
Celtic
Of Irish-Welsh descent
Pictish · Thracian · indigenous · tribal · conquest · annexation · subjugation · colonization · assimilation
substrate
Underlying supporting material
Iberian · loanword · etymology · inscription · alphabet · place-name · borrowing · Indo-European · Pictish · Gaulish
hillfort
Fortified ancient hilltop enclosure
- burial moundEarth piled over graves
- artifactHuman-made historical object
- excavationAct of unearthing
settlement · pottery · bronze · ironwork · coins · fibula · torc · dolmen · menhir · megalith
druid
Ancient Celtic priest-scholar
- animismSpirits inhabit all things
- polytheismBelief in multiple deities
- sacred groveWoodland deemed divine
votive · shrine · deity · ritual · sacrifice · offering · divination · sanctuary · nemeton · fertility cult
- Medieval IberiaReconquista, Visigoths, Al-Andalus, Galicia, Asturias
- Basque languageregional dialects, language isolate, agglutination, standardization, Basque Country
pre-RomanRoman
Of ancient Italy's capital
medieval · Byzantine · early medieval · classical · Roman period
pre-RomanRoman
Of ancient Italy's capital
Romano-British · classical · Greco-Roman · Mediterranean · civilized
romantic, Romanization, Romanize, Roman, romanticize, romanticism, Romans, romantically, romanticist