loanword
Adopted foreign term
A loanword is a word adopted from another language with little or no modification.
English is full of them: *kindergarten* from German, *sushi* from Japanese, *café* from French.
Unlike words that get fully naturalized over centuries, loanwords often retain foreign spelling or pronunciation that marks their origin.
Word origin study
- borrowingTemporary taking of another's
- calqueBorrowed phrase translated literally
- cognateWord sharing etymological origin
- neologismNewly created expression
substratum · lexicography · anglicism · foreignism · barbarism · unassimilated · false friend
Absorbing into a whole
- naturalizationLegal path to belonging
- anglicizationAdapting to English conventions
- domesticationAdapting species to captivity
- phonologyScience of language sounds
morphology · orthography · transliteration · transcription · phonetic · semantic · hybridization · calque
Fundamental dictionary unit
- vocabularyOne's word collection
- lexiconVocabulary of a language
- source languageLanguage being translated from
- target languageLanguage being acquired
Worldwide economic and cultural integration
- colonialismDomination through foreign settlement
- tradeExchange of commodities
- cuisineCharacteristic cooking style
- fashionCurrent popular trend
music · religion · technology · prestige · cultural exchange · contact · influence · transmission
Borrowed phrase translated literally
- glossShine or annotation
- equivalenceState of being equal
- literal translationExact rendering across languages
- transparencyState of being see-through
opaque · hybrid · paraphrase
etymology
Word origin study
- borrowingTemporary taking of another's
- calqueBorrowed phrase translated literally
- cognateWord sharing etymological origin
neologism · substratum · lexicography · anglicism · foreignism · barbarism · unassimilated · false friend
assimilation
Absorbing into a whole
- naturalizationLegal path to belonging
- anglicizationAdapting to English conventions
- domesticationAdapting species to captivity
phonology · morphology · orthography · transliteration · transcription · phonetic · semantic · hybridization · calque · substitution
lexeme
Fundamental dictionary unit
- vocabularyOne's word collection
- lexiconVocabulary of a language
- source languageLanguage being translated from
globalization
Worldwide economic and cultural integration
- colonialismDomination through foreign settlement
- tradeExchange of commodities
- cuisineCharacteristic cooking style
fashion · music · religion · technology · prestige · cultural exchange · contact · influence · transmission · appropriation
calque
Borrowed phrase translated literally
- glossShine or annotation
- equivalenceState of being equal
- literal translationExact rendering across languages
transparency · opaque · hybrid · paraphrase
- languagelanguage, words, grammar, spelling, alphabet
- vocabularywords, new words, term, terms, definition
- language usejargon, idiom, idioms, slang, dialect
- etymologyetymon, root words, origin, root, linguistic roots
- linguistic termsacronym, anagram, antonym, synonym, homonym
- linguistics termssynonym, antonym, homonym, grammar, phonetics