logics
Systems of reasoning
Logics is the plural of logic, used when referring to multiple systems or types of reasoning.
Philosophers distinguish between formal logics—classical, modal, fuzzy—each with different rules for valid inference.
The plural also appears in technical contexts: The paper compares three different logics for reasoning about time.
In casual use, logic rarely pluralizes.
Formal deductive argument structure
- deductionConclusion from premises
- inductionFormal admission process
- validityQuality of being sound
- soundnessReliability of structure
premise · conclusion · inference · proposition · predicate · quantifier · truth-value · tautology
Error in reasoning
- premiseFoundation for logical argument
- conclusionEnd or deduction
- counterargumentPoint challenging another's position
- refutationDisproving a statement
analogy · disputation · objection · rebuttal · cogency · plausibility · rhetoric · persuasion
Demonstration of truth
- theoremDemonstrated logical conclusion
- axiomSelf-evident starting principle
- lemmaBase form, or helper theorem
- corollaryLogical natural consequence
incompleteness · decidability · computability · Turing · foundations · formalism · intuitionism · constructivism
True-or-false valued
- binaryConsisting of two parts
- gatesMovable barriers at openings
- circuitsClosed electrical paths
- algorithmsFinite instruction sequences
programming · conditionals · branching · recursion · fuzzy · probabilistic · bitwise · operators
Theory of knowledge
- ontologyStudy of existence's nature
- metaphysicsPhilosophy of existence's nature
- dialecticLogical argument through opposition
- empiricismKnowledge through observation
rationalism · axiom · antinomy · paradox · truth · necessity · possibility · contingency
Underlying support system
- methodologyFormal procedural framework
- structureArrangement of interconnected parts
- coherentLogically connected throughout
- consistentNot varying or contradicting
organized · sequential · hierarchical · classification · taxonomy · schematic · ordered · rigorous
syllogism
Formal deductive argument structure
soundness · premise · conclusion · inference · proposition · predicate · quantifier · truth-value · tautology · contradiction
fallacy
Error in reasoning
- premiseFoundation for logical argument
- conclusionEnd or deduction
- counterargumentPoint challenging another's position
refutation · analogy · disputation · objection · rebuttal · cogency · plausibility · rhetoric · persuasion · dialectic
proof
Demonstration of truth
- theoremDemonstrated logical conclusion
- axiomSelf-evident starting principle
- lemmaBase form, or helper theorem
corollary · incompleteness · decidability · computability · Turing · foundations · formalism · intuitionism · constructivism · cardinality
boolean
True-or-false valued
algorithms · programming · conditionals · branching · recursion · fuzzy · probabilistic · bitwise · operators · if-then
epistemology
Theory of knowledge
- ontologyStudy of existence's nature
- metaphysicsPhilosophy of existence's nature
- dialecticLogical argument through opposition
empiricism · rationalism · axiom · antinomy · paradox · truth · necessity · possibility · contingency · determinism
framework
Underlying support system
- methodologyFormal procedural framework
- structureArrangement of interconnected parts
- coherentLogically connected throughout
consistent · organized · sequential · hierarchical · classification · taxonomy · schematic · ordered · rigorous · analytical
- math logicaxioms, proofs, theorems, set theory, completeness
- medieval textsmanuscripts, Gutenberg Bible, breviary, codices, missals
logicsirrationalities
Failures of logical thought
illogics · unreason · intuitions · emotionalism · gut feelings
logicsirrationalities
Failures of logical thought
illogics · absurdities · nonsense · illogicalities · incoherences
logicsintuitions
Unlearned immediate understandings
feelings · instincts · revelations · epiphanies · gut reactions
- logic puzzleProblem solved by deduction
- twisted logicDistorted chain of thought
- flawed logicInvalid inferential structure
- logical thinkingStructured, coherent reasoning
- logical reasoningStructured thought process
- logical fallacyError in reasoning
logic, logical, illogical, logically, logician, illogicality, logicians, illogicalness