catecholamine
Adrenaline's chemical class
Catecholamines are a class of hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate the body's stress response, including adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.
They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar while preparing muscles for action—the biochemical machinery behind fight-or-flight: The patient's catecholamine levels spiked during the panic attack.
Alertness and stress hormone
- tyrosineProtein-building amino acid
- monoamineSingle-amine compound
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
- MAONeurotransmitter-degrading enzyme
methylation · phenylalanine · adrenal · vesicle · metabolite · conjugation · sulfation · degradation
Nerve signal crossing point
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- reuptakeNeurotransmitter recapture by neurons
- vesicularHaving small sacs
- synapticOf nerve connections
neuron · axon · dendrite · neuromodulator · presynaptic · transporter · exocytosis · neurochemical
Arterial walls contracting inward
- bronchodilationWidening of air passages
- heart rateCardiac contractions per minute
- blood pressureCirculatory force measurement
- lipolysisMetabolic fat decomposition
metabolism · pupil dilation · sweating · arousal · thermogenesis · cardiac output · smooth muscle
Acute threat reaction
- alarmUrgent warning signal
- hyperarousalExcessive physiological alertness
- survivalRemaining alive against odds
- cortisolAdrenal steroid regulating stress
acute stress · panic · startle · vigilance · readiness · anxiety · surge · cascade
Cancer from primitive nerve cells
- Parkinson'sNeurodegenerative motor disorder
- hypertensionChronic elevated arterial pressure
- shockViolent sudden disturbance
- anaphylaxisSevere systemic allergic reaction
cardiac arrest · beta-blocker · MAOI · resuscitation · hypotension
norepinephrine
Alertness and stress hormone
- tyrosineProtein-building amino acid
- monoamineSingle-amine compound
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
MAO · methylation · phenylalanine · adrenal · vesicle · metabolite · conjugation · sulfation · degradation · precursor
synapse
Nerve signal crossing point
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- reuptakeNeurotransmitter recapture by neurons
- vesicularHaving small sacs
synaptic · neuron · axon · dendrite · neuromodulator · presynaptic · transporter · exocytosis · neurochemical · signaling
vasoconstriction
Arterial walls contracting inward
- bronchodilationWidening of air passages
- heart rateCardiac contractions per minute
- blood pressureCirculatory force measurement
lipolysis · metabolism · pupil dilation · sweating · arousal · thermogenesis · cardiac output · smooth muscle
fight-or-flight
Acute threat reaction
- alarmUrgent warning signal
- hyperarousalExcessive physiological alertness
- survivalRemaining alive against odds
cortisol · acute stress · panic · startle · vigilance · readiness · anxiety · surge · cascade
neuroblastoma
Cancer from primitive nerve cells
- Parkinson'sNeurodegenerative motor disorder
- hypertensionChronic elevated arterial pressure
- shockViolent sudden disturbance
anaphylaxis · cardiac arrest · beta-blocker · MAOI · resuscitation · hypotension
catecholaminesteroid hormone
Cholesterol-based bodily regulator
corticosteroid · glucocorticoid · estrogen · testosterone · serotonin
catecholamineacetylcholine
Neurotransmitter for muscles and memory
GABA · parasympathomimetic · endorphin · serotonin · adenosine