ashfalls
Raining volcanic debris
Ashfalls are deposits of volcanic ash that descend from the atmosphere after an eruption.
The ash—fine particles of pulverized rock and glass—can blanket areas hundreds of miles from the volcano, disrupting air travel, damaging crops, and posing respiratory hazards: The ashfalls from Mount St. Helens reached as far as Montana.
Violent sudden release
- volcanoEarth's fiery vent
- plumeOrnamental feather or rising column
- tephraEjected volcanic material
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
caldera · magma · vent · crater · pumice · lahar · fumarole · ejecta
Soft bed covering
- layerSingle thickness of material
- depositPlace for safekeeping
- dustingRemoving surface grime
- coatingApplied surface covering
mantle · shroud · carpet · pall · accumulation · thickness · depth · distribution
Solidified volcanic ash
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- sedimentParticles settling in liquid
- silicaSilicon dioxide compound
- andesiteIntermediate volcanic rock
basalt · rhyolite · igneous · deposit · paleoclimate · Quaternary · stratigraphic · isochronous
Minute airborne solids or droplets
- air qualityPollution level measurement
- sulfur dioxideSO₂ gas compound
- smogSunlight-activated urban pollution
- hazeMurky atmospheric suspension
emissions · contaminants · acid rain · environmental · monitoring · filtration · respiratory illness · lung damage
Related to breathing organs
- inhalationTaking breath in
- maskFace-worn concealment
- visibilityRange of clear sight
- contaminationIntroduction of impurities
toxicity · suffocation · aircraft · agriculture · livestock · infrastructure · roads · health
Removal from danger
- displacementRemoval from usual location
- emergencySerious sudden danger
- crisisDecisive dangerous moment
- aftermathResults following an event
destruction · damage · casualties · relief · recovery · survivors · rescue · cleanup
eruption
Violent sudden release
pyroclastic · caldera · magma · vent · crater · pumice · lahar · fumarole · ejecta · explosive
blanket
Soft bed covering
coating · mantle · shroud · carpet · pall · accumulation · thickness · depth · distribution · deposition
tuff
Solidified volcanic ash
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- sedimentParticles settling in liquid
- silicaSilicon dioxide compound
andesite · basalt · rhyolite · igneous · deposit · paleoclimate · Quaternary · stratigraphic · isochronous · glass shards
particulates
Minute airborne solids or droplets
- air qualityPollution level measurement
- sulfur dioxideSO₂ gas compound
- smogSunlight-activated urban pollution
haze · emissions · contaminants · acid rain · environmental · monitoring · filtration · respiratory illness · lung damage
respiratory
Related to breathing organs
- inhalationTaking breath in
- maskFace-worn concealment
- visibilityRange of clear sight
contamination · toxicity · suffocation · aircraft · agriculture · livestock · infrastructure · roads · health · protective gear
evacuation
Removal from danger
- displacementRemoval from usual location
- emergencySerious sudden danger
- crisisDecisive dangerous moment
aftermath · destruction · damage · casualties · relief · recovery · survivors · rescue · cleanup · burial
ashfallslava flows
Moving volcanic rock
pyroclastic flows · lava fountains · lahars · lava domes · volcanic gases
ashfallsrainfall
Water falling from clouds
snowfall · clear skies · precipitation · dew · hail