Third Crusade
Richard's holy war
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was a military campaign by European Christian forces to recapture Jerusalem after its fall to Saladin.
Led by Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, it failed to retake Jerusalem but secured coastal territories and Christian access to holy sites.
The Third Crusade produced the legendary rivalry between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin.
Twelfth-century sultan, Jerusalem's captor
- Richard the LionheartPlantagenet crusader king
- Holy LandSacred ground, three faiths
- JaffaHistoric Israeli port city
- CyprusMediterranean island nation
Acre · pilgrimage · truce · negotiations · diplomacy · Levant · Frederick Barbarossa · naval blockade
Plantagenet crusader king
- SaladinTwelfth-century sultan, Jerusalem's captor
- Angevin EmpireHenry II's cross-Channel holdings
- Holy Roman EmpireMedieval Germanic political entity
- kingshipRoyal dominion status
Frederick Barbarossa · alliance · rivalry · succession · ransom
Religious journey to shrine
- ChristianityFaith based on Jesus
- IslamQuranic monotheistic religion
- papacyPope's office and authority
- clergyOrdained religious officials collectively
faith · piety · holy war · infidel · relics · indulgence · sacred · Jerusalem
Saladin
Twelfth-century sultan, Jerusalem's captor
- Richard the LionheartPlantagenet crusader king
- Holy LandSacred ground, three faiths
- JaffaHistoric Israeli port city
Cyprus · Acre · pilgrimage · truce · negotiations · diplomacy · Levant · Frederick Barbarossa · naval blockade · reconquest
Richard the Lionheart
Plantagenet crusader king
- SaladinTwelfth-century sultan, Jerusalem's captor
- Angevin EmpireHenry II's cross-Channel holdings
- Holy Roman EmpireMedieval Germanic political entity
Frederick Barbarossa · kingship · alliance · rivalry · succession · ransom
pilgrimage
Religious journey to shrine
- ChristianityFaith based on Jesus
- IslamQuranic monotheistic religion
- papacyPope's office and authority
clergy · faith · piety · holy war · infidel · relics · indulgence · sacred · Jerusalem · Dome of the Rock
siege
Encirclement forcing surrender
- battleArmed military engagement
- campaignOrganized effort toward goal
- warfareArmed conflict between groups
combat · tactics · armies · soldiers · casualties · fortification · crossbow · cavalry · infantry · archers
valor
Courage in danger
- honorHigh regard, moral dignity
- gallantryCourage, especially in combat
- prowessOutstanding skill or valor
fealty · loyalty · nobility · courtesy · heroism · knighthood · tournament · jousting · squire · heraldry