Indo-Aryan
Hindi's language family
Indo-Aryan refers to a major branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, including Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, and many other languages spoken across South Asia.
The term also describes the peoples who speak these languages or their cultures.
In linguistic contexts, Indo-Aryan distinguishes these languages from the Dravidian languages of southern India: Sanskrit is the classical Indo-Aryan language.
India's official language
- UrduPakistan's official language
- BengaliLanguage of Bangladesh
- PunjabiIndo-Aryan language, Pakistan's majority
- MarathiWestern Indian language
Gujarati · Nepali · Sinhalese · Romani · Assamese · Kashmiri · Rajasthani · Hindustani
Hindu canonical texts
- HinduismAncient Indian spiritual tradition
- dharmaCosmic moral order
- karmaSpiritual cause and effect
- casteInherited social division
varna · epics · Mahabharata · Ramayana · Upanishads · mantras · puja · rituals
Movement to new territory
- VedicOf Hindu sacred writings
- Indus ValleyAncient South Asian river culture
- Iron AgePost-bronze historical period
- steppeTreeless Eurasian grassland
chariot · pastoralism · homeland · Bronze Age · settlement · diffusion · chronology
South Asian nation
- NepalSouth Asian mountain nation
- BangladeshSouth Asian republic
- Sri LankaIsland nation near India
- MaldivesIndian Ocean archipelago nation
Ganges · Indus · Punjab · Bengal · Hindu Kush · Himalayas · Kashmir · Gujarat
Study of historical texts
- etymologyWord origin study
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- phonologyScience of language sounds
- language familyRelated tongues from one source
sociolinguistics · language change · aspiration · comparative · reconstruction · cognates · loanwords · substrate
Hindi
India's official language
- UrduPakistan's official language
- BengaliLanguage of Bangladesh
- PunjabiIndo-Aryan language, Pakistan's majority
Marathi · Gujarati · Nepali · Sinhalese · Romani · Assamese · Kashmiri · Rajasthani · Hindustani · Pali
Vedas
Hindu canonical texts
caste · varna · epics · Mahabharata · Ramayana · Upanishads · mantras · puja · rituals · Brahmanism
migration
Movement to new territory
- VedicOf Hindu sacred writings
- Indus ValleyAncient South Asian river culture
- Iron AgePost-bronze historical period
steppe · chariot · pastoralism · homeland · Bronze Age · settlement · diffusion · chronology
Pakistan
South Asian nation
- NepalSouth Asian mountain nation
- BangladeshSouth Asian republic
- Sri LankaIsland nation near India
Maldives · Ganges · Indus · Punjab · Bengal · Hindu Kush · Himalayas · Kashmir · Gujarat · Maharashtra
philology
Study of historical texts
- etymologyWord origin study
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- phonologyScience of language sounds
language family · sociolinguistics · language change · aspiration · comparative · reconstruction · cognates · loanwords · substrate
Indo-AryanEast Asian
From China's neighborhood
Sino-Tibetan · Chinese · Semitic · Austronesian · Niger-Congo
India, Iran, Iranian, Iranians, Aryan, Arya, Indo-European, Aryans, Indo-Iranian