transducers
Energy form transformers
Transducers are devices that convert one form of energy into another.
A microphone transduces sound waves into electrical signals; a speaker does the reverse.
The term spans many technologies: sensors, actuators, and medical devices like ultrasound probes.
In computing, a transducer is a composable transformation function that processes data streams without creating intermediate collections.
Charge from deformation
- thermocoupleDual-metal temperature sensor
- photodiodeLight-to-current semiconductor
- phototransistorLight-sensitive amplifying component
- semiconductorPartial electrical conductor
amplifier · signal · voltage · current · impedance · circuit · sensor · output
Charge from deformation
- ultrasonicAbove audible frequency range
- microphoneAudio input device
- loudspeakerSound amplification device
- hydrophoneSubmersible sound sensor
sonar · echolocation · resonance · soundwave · vibration · frequency · amplitude · decibel
Instrument measuring applied force
- accelerometerDevice measuring motion forces
- thermocoupleDual-metal temperature sensor
- flowmeterFluid rate measurer
- proximity sensorContactless object detector
calibration · measurement · instrumentation · automation · feedback · actuator · pneumatic · hydraulic
Sound-wave imaging device
- DopplerMotion-caused frequency change
- echocardiogramUltrasound of the heart
- pacemakerDevice regulating heartbeat
- cochlear implantImplanted auditory nerve stimulator
hearing aid · blood pressure cuff · glucose sensor · neural interface · diagnostic · imaging · therapeutic · implantable
Model with discrete states
- deterministicCompletely caused by prior conditions
- nondeterministicHaving multiple possible outcomes
- acceptorOne who takes something
- recognizerThat which identifies
alphabet · computation · sequential · formal language · regular · automaton
piezoelectric
Charge from deformation
- thermocoupleDual-metal temperature sensor
- photodiodeLight-to-current semiconductor
- phototransistorLight-sensitive amplifying component
semiconductor · amplifier · signal · voltage · current · impedance · circuit · sensor · output · input
piezoelectric
Charge from deformation
- ultrasonicAbove audible frequency range
- microphoneAudio input device
- loudspeakerSound amplification device
hydrophone · sonar · echolocation · resonance · soundwave · vibration · frequency · amplitude · decibel · audio
pressure sensor
Instrument measuring applied force
- accelerometerDevice measuring motion forces
- thermocoupleDual-metal temperature sensor
- flowmeterFluid rate measurer
proximity sensor · calibration · measurement · instrumentation · automation · feedback · actuator · pneumatic · hydraulic
ultrasound probe
Sound-wave imaging device
- DopplerMotion-caused frequency change
- echocardiogramUltrasound of the heart
- pacemakerDevice regulating heartbeat
cochlear implant · hearing aid · blood pressure cuff · glucose sensor · neural interface · diagnostic · imaging · therapeutic · implantable · wearable
state machine
Model with discrete states
- deterministicCompletely caused by prior conditions
- nondeterministicHaving multiple possible outcomes
- acceptorOne who takes something
recognizer · alphabet · computation · sequential · formal language · regular · automaton
- analog technologyanalog clocks, analog clock, analog computers, film cameras, analog meter
- medical devicespacemaker, defibrillator, AED, ventilator, CT scanner
- Lispcar, cons, lambda, nil, eval
- bone conduction
- soundsound, sound waves, echoes, acoustics, vibrations
- acousticssound waves, sound wave, sound, soundwave, vibration
transducersamplifiers
Devices that increase signal
signal boosters · preamplifiers · power amplifiers · repeaters · attenuators
transducersresistors
Current-limiting circuit components
capacitors · loads · terminators · batteries · insulators
transducersprocessors
Data-handling circuits
signal processors · filters · modulators · logic circuits · microcontrollers
- pressure transducerDevice converting force to voltage