puddling
Stirring molten metal
Puddling is a process of working with wet materials to make them denser or more uniform.
In metallurgy, it was a method of converting pig iron to wrought iron by stirring molten metal to remove carbon.
In construction, puddling means compacting clay or soil with water to create a watertight layer, as in lining a pond or canal.
The term comes from the verb puddle, suggesting the mixing and manipulation of something wet and muddy.
Soft, workable decorative metal
- decarburizationRemoval of carbon from metal
- pig ironUnrefined smelted metal
- forgeFurnace for shaping metal
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
slag · rolling mill · industrial revolution · refining · charcoal · finery · bloomery · shingling
Liquid striking noisily
- welliesWaterproof knee-high boots
- rain bootsWaterproof boots for storms
- stompingTreading heavily, forcefully
- squelchingWet crushing noise
jumping · children · rainy day · galoshes · mud pies · dirty · messy · fun
Cannot be penetrated
- liningInterior fabric layer
- compactingPressing material denser
- canalDug water passage
- pondSmall still body
reservoir · waterproofing · sealing · tamping · embankment · leakproof · dam · irrigation
Clear essential liquid
- collectingGathering items over time
- accumulatingGathering in increasing quantity
- surfaceOutermost boundary layer
- standing waterAccumulated unmoving liquid
drainage · runoff · pavement · depression · gathering · stagnant · flood · settling
wrought iron
Soft, workable decorative metal
- decarburizationRemoval of carbon from metal
- pig ironUnrefined smelted metal
- forgeFurnace for shaping metal
oxidation · slag · rolling mill · industrial revolution · refining · charcoal · finery · bloomery · shingling · paddle
splashing
Liquid striking noisily
- welliesWaterproof knee-high boots
- rain bootsWaterproof boots for storms
- stompingTreading heavily, forcefully
squelching · jumping · children · rainy day · galoshes · mud pies · dirty · messy · fun · outdoor play
impermeable
Cannot be penetrated
- liningInterior fabric layer
- compactingPressing material denser
- canalDug water passage
pond · reservoir · waterproofing · sealing · tamping · embankment · leakproof · dam · irrigation · soil
water
Clear essential liquid
- collectingGathering items over time
- accumulatingGathering in increasing quantity
- surfaceOutermost boundary layer
standing water · drainage · runoff · pavement · depression · gathering · stagnant · flood · settling · concrete
- Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush, gold miners, gold mining, gold flakes, gold nuggets
- metalworkingwelding, casting, forging, smithing, smelting
- steelmakingblast furnace, molten steel, steel production, basic oxygen furnace, steel mills
- canalsGrand Canal, Panama Canal, Suez Canal, Erie Canal, canal boat
- insect behaviorsforaging, mating, flight, flying, crawling
- Ironworkinganvil, bellows, blacksmith, blacksmithing, blast furnace