oncogenes
Tumor-promoting gene variants
Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated or abnormally expressed, can transform normal cells into cancerous ones.
They typically arise from proto-oncogenes—normal genes involved in cell growth and division that become problematic when damaged or overactive.
The discovery of oncogenes revolutionized cancer research by showing that cancer has genetic roots: The study identified several oncogenes associated with breast cancer.
Phosphate-transferring enzyme
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- phosphorylationPhosphate group attachment process
- signalingConveying information nonverbally
pathway · activation · overexpression · amplification · HER2 · BCR-ABL · RAF
Movement to another place
- deletionRemoval of content
- insertionPlacing something within
- frameshiftAltered reading of codons
- amplificationIncrease in intensity
fusion · rearrangement · chromosomal · BCR-ABL · gain-of-function · somatic · hotspot · variant
Thorough change in form
- proliferationRapid increase in quantity
- malignantHarmfully invasive, often fatal
- tumorAbnormal tissue mass
- carcinomaEpithelial malignant tumor
sarcoma · lymphoma · leukemia · glioblastoma · melanoma · adenocarcinoma · metastasis · angiogenesis
Agent that slows reactions
- biomarkerMeasurable biological health signal
- resistanceCapacity to withstand force
- prognosisPredicted disease course
- remissionTemporary disease absence
kinase
Phosphate-transferring enzyme
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- phosphorylationPhosphate group attachment process
signaling · pathway · activation · overexpression · amplification · HER2 · BCR-ABL · RAF
translocation
Movement to another place
- deletionRemoval of content
- insertionPlacing something within
- frameshiftAltered reading of codons
amplification · fusion · rearrangement · chromosomal · BCR-ABL · gain-of-function · somatic · hotspot · variant · aberration
transformation
Thorough change in form
- proliferationRapid increase in quantity
- malignantHarmfully invasive, often fatal
- tumorAbnormal tissue mass
carcinoma · sarcoma · lymphoma · leukemia · glioblastoma · melanoma · adenocarcinoma · metastasis · angiogenesis · neoplasm
inhibitor
Agent that slows reactions
- biomarkerMeasurable biological health signal
- resistanceCapacity to withstand force
- prognosisPredicted disease course
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria
- oncologycancer, tumor, carcinoma, metastasis, malignancy
- Cancer Biologymalignant cells, metastasis, carcinogenesis, tumor growth, melanoma
- Cancer Metabolismglycolysis, lactate, hypoxia
- gene familiesHox genes
- Gene Regulatorsrepressors, activators, enhancers, silencers, promoters