modernities
States of being current
Modernities is the plural of modernity—the condition or quality of being modern.
While modernity often appears as an abstract singular (the shift from traditional to contemporary society), the plural acknowledges that different cultures experience modernization distinctly: Western and Eastern modernities developed along different paths.
Scholars use the plural to resist treating one culture's modern experience as universal.
Preoccupation with acquiring goods
- individualismDoctrine of personal independence
- secularismSeparation of faith, state
- mobilityCapacity for movement
- leisureFree time for relaxation
fashion · advertising · branding · self-expression · wellness · convenience · disposability · fast-food
Transition to factory-based economy
- secularizationReligion losing social significance
- democratizationTransition toward popular rule
- liberalizationReducing state economic controls
- westernizationAdopting Euro-American practices
mechanization · digitalization · rationalization · commercialization · privatization · urbanization · globalization · standardization
State of being isolated
- anomieBreakdown of shared standards
- disenchantmentLoss of cherished belief
- inequalityUnequal distribution of resources
- exploitationSelfish use of others
fragmentation · commodification · surveillance · dehumanization · nihilism · rootlessness · anxiety · burnout
State of mutual linkage
- cross-culturalInvolving multiple societies
- transnationalCrossing country lines
- cosmopolitanismBelief in shared humanity
- hybridityMixed-origin quality
diaspora · postcolonial · world-systems · migration · borderless · glocalization · neo-colonialism · syncretism
Large important city
- skyscraperVery tall urban building
- megacityUrban area exceeding ten million
- densityMass-to-volume ratio
- sprawlExtend in disorderly fashion
infrastructure · public-transport · gentrification · zoning · cityscape · subway · commute · highrise
Self-operating system design
- digitizationAnalog-to-electronic transformation
- internetInterconnected computer systems
- biotechnologyEngineering using living systems
- nanotechnologyAtomic-scale manipulation science
telecommunications · mass-media · computing · infrastructure · innovation · smartphones · data · algorithms
consumerism
Preoccupation with acquiring goods
- individualismDoctrine of personal independence
- secularismSeparation of faith, state
- mobilityCapacity for movement
leisure · fashion · advertising · branding · self-expression · wellness · convenience · disposability · fast-food · streaming
industrialization
Transition to factory-based economy
- secularizationReligion losing social significance
- democratizationTransition toward popular rule
- liberalizationReducing state economic controls
westernization · mechanization · digitalization · rationalization · commercialization · privatization · urbanization · globalization · standardization · professionalization
alienation
State of being isolated
- anomieBreakdown of shared standards
- disenchantmentLoss of cherished belief
- inequalityUnequal distribution of resources
exploitation · fragmentation · commodification · surveillance · dehumanization · nihilism · rootlessness · anxiety · burnout · precarity
interconnectedness
State of mutual linkage
- cross-culturalInvolving multiple societies
- transnationalCrossing country lines
- cosmopolitanismBelief in shared humanity
hybridity · diaspora · postcolonial · world-systems · migration · borderless · glocalization · neo-colonialism · syncretism · pluralism
metropolis
Large important city
- skyscraperVery tall urban building
- megacityUrban area exceeding ten million
- densityMass-to-volume ratio
sprawl · infrastructure · public-transport · gentrification · zoning · cityscape · subway · commute · highrise · sanitation
automation
Self-operating system design
- digitizationAnalog-to-electronic transformation
- internetInterconnected computer systems
- biotechnologyEngineering using living systems
nanotechnology · telecommunications · mass-media · computing · infrastructure · innovation · smartphones · data · algorithms · mechanization
modernitiesantiquities
Historical objects from ages past
ancientness · antiquity · ancient times · classical times · prehistory
modernitiestraditionalism
Adherence to inherited customs
traditions · conservatism · orthodoxies · folk customs · primitivism
modernitiesbackwardness
State of being undeveloped
primitivisms · archaisms · rusticity · pastoralism · pre-mechanization
modern, modernize, modernized, ultramodern, modernist, modernity, modernism, modernizing, modernizer