hypertonic
Greater solute concentration
Hypertonic describes a solution with higher concentration of dissolved substances than another solution, typically a cell's interior.
When cells are placed in hypertonic solutions, water flows out and they shrink: The saline solution was hypertonic, causing the red blood cells to shrivel.
The term also describes muscles with abnormally high tension or tone, as in certain neurological conditions.
Notched or wavy margin
- extracellularOutside the cell membrane
- intracellularWithin cell membranes
- aquaporinsMembrane proteins transporting water
- osmoregulationMaintaining internal solute balance
semipermeable · diffusion · equilibrium · cytoplasm · vacuole · hemolysis
Water saturated with sodium
- saltwaterOcean water, chemically speaking
- electrolytesConducting ions in solution
- brackishMildly salty water
- salinityDissolved mineral concentration
concentration · infusion · intravenous · resuscitation · dextrose · mannitol · sodium · crystalloid
Pathological muscle tightness
- rigidityState of being unbending
- stiffnessResistance to deformation
- contracturePermanent tissue shortening
- spasmInvoluntary muscle contraction
cramp · dystonia · myotonia · clonus · tetany · neurological · overactive · involuntary
Need for fluid
- desiccationComplete removal of moisture
- diuresisExcessive production of urine
- sweatingMoisture through pores
- diarrheaFrequent liquid bowel movements
crenation
Notched or wavy margin
- extracellularOutside the cell membrane
- intracellularWithin cell membranes
- aquaporinsMembrane proteins transporting water
osmoregulation · semipermeable · diffusion · equilibrium · cytoplasm · vacuole · hemolysis
brine
Water saturated with sodium
- saltwaterOcean water, chemically speaking
- electrolytesConducting ions in solution
- brackishMildly salty water
salinity · concentration · infusion · intravenous · resuscitation · dextrose · mannitol · sodium · crystalloid · bolus
spasticity
Pathological muscle tightness
- rigidityState of being unbending
- stiffnessResistance to deformation
- contracturePermanent tissue shortening
spasm · cramp · dystonia · myotonia · clonus · tetany · neurological · overactive · involuntary · flexion
thirst
Need for fluid
- desiccationComplete removal of moisture
- diuresisExcessive production of urine
- sweatingMoisture through pores
diarrhea · vomiting · polyuria · heatstroke · rehydration
- muscle conditionstoned, flexed, relaxed, tense, tight
- Osmoregulationosmoregulation, osmosis, osmotic pressure, water balance, electrolyte balance
- osmosisosmosis, osmotic pressure, semipermeable membrane, semipermeable, osmometer
- Chemical PropertiespH, acidity, alkalinity, solubility, reactivity
- solutionssolution, answer, fix, remedy, cure