endotoxins
Gram-negative membrane toxins
Endotoxins are toxic substances found in the outer membrane of certain bacteria, released when the bacterial cell breaks down.
Unlike exotoxins, which bacteria secrete, endotoxins remain part of the cell structure until death or destruction.
They can trigger fever, inflammation, and in severe cases, septic shock: The patient's symptoms suggested endotoxin exposure from the infection.
Dangerous inflammatory infection response
- feverElevated body temperature
- pyrogenicProducing fever or heat
- hypotensionAbnormally reduced arterial pressure
- organ failureVital tissue stops functioning
cytokine storm · bacteremia · blood poisoning · intensive care · vasopressors · antibiotics · contamination
Rigid cellular outer layer
- outer membraneExterior enclosing layer
- E. coliIntestinal rod-shaped bacterium
- SalmonellaRod-shaped food-poisoning bacterium
- PseudomonasBacterial genus, often pathogenic
Innate immune pattern sensors
- cytokinesImmune signaling proteins
- macrophagesLarge pathogen-engulfing immune cells
- neutrophilsPathogen-engulfing white blood cells
- monocytesCirculating immune phagocytes
innate immunity · phagocytosis · leukocytes · interleukins · pattern recognition
sepsis
Dangerous inflammatory infection response
- feverElevated body temperature
- pyrogenicProducing fever or heat
- hypotensionAbnormally reduced arterial pressure
organ failure · cytokine storm · bacteremia · blood poisoning · intensive care · vasopressors · antibiotics · contamination
cell wall
Rigid cellular outer layer
- outer membraneExterior enclosing layer
- E. coliIntestinal rod-shaped bacterium
- SalmonellaRod-shaped food-poisoning bacterium
Pseudomonas · pathogenicity · virulence · antigenic · pyrogenic
toll-like receptors
Innate immune pattern sensors
- cytokinesImmune signaling proteins
- macrophagesLarge pathogen-engulfing immune cells
- neutrophilsPathogen-engulfing white blood cells
monocytes · innate immunity · phagocytosis · leukocytes · interleukins · pattern recognition
- toxic substancesDDT, poison gas, dioxin, benzene, pollutants
- toxinsendotoxin, biotoxins, cytotoxin, neurotoxin, hepatotoxin
- microbiologybacteria, bacterium, microbe, microbes, microorganisms
- Air Pollutantssmoke, smog, soot, exhaust, fumes
- Biohazardsanthrax, HIV, pathogens, prions, smallpox
- irritantstear gas, pepper spray, CS gas, mace, bear spray
endotoxinsbotulinum toxin
endotoxinsantitoxins
Substances neutralizing biological poisons
detoxifiers · probiotics · beneficial bacteria · immunomodulators
toxic, intoxicated, toxin, intoxicating, intoxicate, intoxication, toxicity, detoxify, intoxicant