toll-like receptors
Innate immunity detectors
Toll-like receptors are proteins on immune cells that recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens—bacterial cell walls, viral RNA, and similar markers of infection.
They serve as an early warning system, triggering inflammatory responses when they detect invaders.
The name comes from their resemblance to a fruit fly protein called Toll.
Usually abbreviated TLR: TLR4 responds to bacterial toxins.
- ligandMolecule that binds centrally
- immune systemBody's pathogen-fighting network
- innate immunityInherited pathogen defense system
- inflammationProtective tissue response
- pattern recognitionIdentifying regularities in inputs
first line defense · danger signals · immunology · cytokines · macrophages · receptors · extracellular · antigen · sentinel · bacterial · fever · membrane · infection · viral · autophagy · interleukins · inflammatory response · microbial
- immunityimmune, immunity, immune system, immune response, immune cells
- immunologyimmune system, immune response, antibodies, antigens, immunity
- Immune Moleculesantibody, antigens, complement, interleukins, complement proteins
- immune receptors
- receptorssensory receptors, taste receptor, pain receptor, dopamine receptors, hormone receptor
- proteinsprotein, proteins, albumin, collagen, casein