biosignal
Physiological electrical output
A biosignal is any measurable electrical, chemical, or mechanical signal produced by the body—heartbeats, brain waves, muscle contractions, blood oxygen levels.
Medical devices and wearable technology monitor biosignals for health assessment: The smartwatch tracks biosignals like heart rate and skin temperature.
Research applications include brain-computer interfaces that interpret neural biosignals as commands.
Heart's electrical activity record
- heartbeatRhythmic cardiac contraction
- heart rateCardiac contractions per minute
- P-waveLongitudinal seismic wave
- arrhythmiaAbnormal cardiac rhythm
tachycardia · bradycardia · sinus rhythm · atrial fibrillation · palpitations · heart rate variability · pulse · ventricular
Muscle electrical activity record
- muscle contractionFibers tensing and shortening
- tremorInvoluntary rhythmic shaking
- fatigueWeariness from prolonged exertion
- prostheticsFabricated body part replacements
rehabilitation · muscle tension · twitch · voluntary movement · neuromuscular · grip strength · spasm
Fluid from exertion
- arousalStirring to heightened state
- stress responseBody's reaction to threat
- lie detectorDevice measuring physiological deception signs
- polygraphPhysiological response recorder
sympathetic nervous system · emotional response · sweat glands · fight-or-flight
Friction ridge impression
- iris scanIdentity verification via eye patterns
- voice recognitionTechnology identifying spoken language
- facial recognitionAutomated identification by face
- authenticationConfirming genuine identity
identity verification · sensor · wearable · continuous monitoring · multimodal · liveness detection · smartwatch · fitness band
Brain wave recording
- brainwaveSudden clever idea
- alpha waveBrainwave of relaxed alertness
- beta waveBrain rhythm during alertness
- delta waveLow-frequency neural rhythm
neurofeedback · epilepsy · seizure · cognitive load · attention · brain-computer interface · ERP
Inhalation frequency measurement
- respirationGas exchange in organisms
- spirometryLung airflow assessment
- lung capacityBreath volume measurement
- oxygen saturationBlood's carried gas level
apnea · inhalation · exhalation · ventilation
electrocardiogram
Heart's electrical activity record
- heartbeatRhythmic cardiac contraction
- heart rateCardiac contractions per minute
- P-waveLongitudinal seismic wave
arrhythmia · tachycardia · bradycardia · sinus rhythm · atrial fibrillation · palpitations · heart rate variability · pulse · ventricular · depolarization
electromyogram
Muscle electrical activity record
- muscle contractionFibers tensing and shortening
- tremorInvoluntary rhythmic shaking
- fatigueWeariness from prolonged exertion
prosthetics · rehabilitation · muscle tension · twitch · voluntary movement · neuromuscular · grip strength · spasm
perspiration
Fluid from exertion
- arousalStirring to heightened state
- stress responseBody's reaction to threat
- lie detectorDevice measuring physiological deception signs
polygraph · sympathetic nervous system · emotional response · sweat glands · fight-or-flight
fingerprint
Friction ridge impression
- iris scanIdentity verification via eye patterns
- voice recognitionTechnology identifying spoken language
- facial recognitionAutomated identification by face
authentication · identity verification · sensor · wearable · continuous monitoring · multimodal · liveness detection · smartwatch · fitness band
electroencephalogram
Brain wave recording
- brainwaveSudden clever idea
- alpha waveBrainwave of relaxed alertness
- beta waveBrain rhythm during alertness
delta wave · neurofeedback · epilepsy · seizure · cognitive load · attention · brain-computer interface · ERP
breathing rate
Inhalation frequency measurement
- respirationGas exchange in organisms
- spirometryLung airflow assessment
- lung capacityBreath volume measurement
oxygen saturation · apnea · inhalation · exhalation · ventilation