Sumer
Ancient Iraq region
Sumer was an ancient civilization in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now Iraq, flourishing from roughly 4500 to 1900 BCE.
The Sumerians developed one of the earliest writing systems (cuneiform) and are credited with foundational advances in mathematics, astronomy, and urban organization.
The Epic of Gilgamesh originated in Sumer.
The adjective is Sumerian.
Tigris-Euphrates river region
- UrEarly Mesopotamian metropolis
- city-statesSelf-governing urban territories
- zigguratsMesopotamian terraced temple structures
- cuneiformStylus-impressed ancient script
Tigris · Euphrates · irrigation · temple · priesthood · dynasty · empire · Babylon
Mesopotamian heaven deity
- IshtarBabylonian goddess of love
- GilgameshMesopotamian epic protagonist
- underworldRealm of the departed
- TiamatSumerian primordial sea goddess
Marduk · creation myth · flood story · pantheon · divine · ritual · offering · sacred
Ancient Sumerian heroic verse
- clay tabletsInscribed earthen slabs
- scribesProfessional document copiers
- hymnsReligious songs of worship
- lamentationsExpressions of grief
Recorded language on surface
- wheelRotating circular frame
- plowTool for turning soil
- sailboatWind-propelled watercraft
- astronomyScience of celestial objects
mathematics · calendar · timekeeping · law code · Hammurabi · irrigation canals · pottery · metallurgy
Mesopotamia
Tigris-Euphrates river region
- UrEarly Mesopotamian metropolis
- city-statesSelf-governing urban territories
- zigguratsMesopotamian terraced temple structures
cuneiform · Tigris · Euphrates · irrigation · temple · priesthood · dynasty · empire · Babylon · bronze age
Anu
Mesopotamian heaven deity
- IshtarBabylonian goddess of love
- GilgameshMesopotamian epic protagonist
- underworldRealm of the departed
Tiamat · Marduk · creation myth · flood story · pantheon · divine · ritual · offering · sacred
Epic of Gilgamesh
Ancient Sumerian heroic verse
- clay tabletsInscribed earthen slabs
- scribesProfessional document copiers
- hymnsReligious songs of worship
lamentations · proverbs · poetry · mythology · library
writing
Recorded language on surface
astronomy · mathematics · calendar · timekeeping · law code · Hammurabi · irrigation canals · pottery · metallurgy · trade
- ancient civilizationsAncient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Aztecs, Egypt, Persia
- ancient historyancient history, ancient world, classical antiquity, ancient empires, Mesopotamia
- ancient worldancient Greece, ancient Rome, ancient Egypt, pyramids, pyramid
- Ancient MesopotamiaBabylon, Assyria, cuneiform, Nineveh, Akkadian
- Bronze Agebronze swords, bronze, bronze tools, bronze jewelry, bronze dagger
- IraqBaghdad, Basra, Mosul, Fallujah, Kurdistan