superconductors
Resistance-free electrical conductors
Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with zero resistance when cooled below a critical temperature.
In normal conductors, some energy dissipates as heat; superconductors lose none.
This property enables powerful electromagnets in MRI machines and particle accelerators.
Most superconductors require extreme cold, though research continues on materials that superconduct at higher temperatures.
Metallic element, atomic forty-one
- lanthanumAtomic number fifty-seven
- thalliumSoft toxic metallic element
- ceramicFired clay material
- high-temperatureVery great heat
low-temperature · thin-film · polycrystalline · doping · stoichiometry · oxide · lattice · room-temperature
Unsupported aerial suspension
- vorticesRotating fluid masses
- diamagnetismWeak repulsion from magnets
Magnetic body imaging
- maglevTrackless-seeming rail technology
- qubitsQuantum computing's basic units
- tokamakPlasma confinement device
- CERNEuropean nuclear research organization
LHC · generators · motors
Quantum state's mathematical representation
- entanglementState of being intertwined
- superpositionCoexisting in multiple states
- tunnelingDigging underground passages
- quantizationConversion to discrete values
Ultralow temperature science
- coolingLosing thermal energy
- cryostatMaintains cryogenic temperatures
- refrigerationHeat removal for preservation
- wireThin metallic conductor
tape · coil · fabrication · deposition · annealing · quench · practical · commercial
niobium
Metallic element, atomic forty-one
high-temperature · low-temperature · thin-film · polycrystalline · doping · stoichiometry · oxide · lattice · room-temperature
levitation
Unsupported aerial suspension
- vorticesRotating fluid masses
- diamagnetismWeak repulsion from magnets
MRI
Magnetic body imaging
- maglevTrackless-seeming rail technology
- qubitsQuantum computing's basic units
- tokamakPlasma confinement device
CERN · LHC · generators · motors
wavefunction
Quantum state's mathematical representation
- entanglementState of being intertwined
- superpositionCoexisting in multiple states
- tunnelingDigging underground passages
quantization · condensate · symmetry-breaking · quasiparticles
cryogenics
Ultralow temperature science
- coolingLosing thermal energy
- cryostatMaintains cryogenic temperatures
- refrigerationHeat removal for preservation
wire · tape · coil · fabrication · deposition · annealing · quench · practical · commercial · scalability
- Frontier Techquantum computing, AI, nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics
- advanced materialsgraphene, carbon nanotubes, Kevlar, superalloys, titanium alloy
- cryophysicssuperfluidity, cryogenics, liquid nitrogen, cryostat, MOT
- electrical propertiesresistivity, capacitance, impedance, inductance, resistance
- solid-state physicslattice, ferromagnetism, resistivity, dislocations, vacancies
- topological qubitsbraiding
superconductorsinsulators
Materials blocking energy transfer
resistors · dielectrics · nonconductors · electrical insulators · rubber