congenital disorders
Present from birth
Congenital disorders are medical conditions present from birth, whether inherited genetically or caused by factors during fetal development.
The term covers a wide range: heart defects, cleft palate, Down syndrome, spina bifida.
Congenital doesn't necessarily mean hereditary—some conditions result from infections, medications, or environmental exposures during pregnancy rather than genetic inheritance.
Abnormality present from delivery
- anomalyDeparture from the expected
- malformationAbnormally developed structure
- deformityAbnormal body structure
- syndromeLinked symptoms forming pattern
cleft palate · spina bifida · clubfoot · Down syndrome · cystic fibrosis · sickle cell disease · tetralogy of Fallot · atrial septal defect
Relating to genetic structures
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
- inheritanceProperty received from ancestors
- genesUnits of heredity
- DNAHereditary code molecule
recessive · dominant · karyotype · carrier · hereditary · family history · genetic counseling · pedigree
Persisting over time
- disabilityImpairment affecting life activities
- adaptationFitting to new conditions
- special needsAtypical developmental or learning conditions
- mobility aidEquipment enabling movement
prosthesis · therapy · rehabilitation · accessibility · inclusion · support groups · assistive technology · caregiver
birth defect
Abnormality present from delivery
- anomalyDeparture from the expected
- malformationAbnormally developed structure
- deformityAbnormal body structure
syndrome · cleft palate · spina bifida · clubfoot · Down syndrome · cystic fibrosis · sickle cell disease · tetralogy of Fallot · atrial septal defect · hip dysplasia
chromosomal
Relating to genetic structures
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
- inheritanceProperty received from ancestors
- genesUnits of heredity
DNA · recessive · dominant · karyotype · carrier · hereditary · family history · genetic counseling · pedigree · ancestry
chronic
Persisting over time
- disabilityImpairment affecting life activities
- adaptationFitting to new conditions
- special needsAtypical developmental or learning conditions
mobility aid · prosthesis · therapy · rehabilitation · accessibility · inclusion · support groups · assistive technology · caregiver · occupational therapy
- pediatricspediatrician, pediatricians, pediatrics, pediatric care, well-child visit
- pregnancypregnancy, pregnant, prenatal care, due date, weeks
- death causescause of death, natural causes, manner of death, accidental death, natural death
- embryologyembryo, zygote, embryology, blastocyst, embryogenesis
- newborn examsApgar score, newborn screening, hearing test, reflex test, vital signs
- teratogensteratogen, teratogens, thalidomide, methotrexate, valproate
congenital disorderslifestyle diseases
Conditions caused by behavior
degenerative diseases · infectious diseases · occupational diseases · communicable diseases · nutritional deficiencies