calif
Muslim empire leader
Calif is a variant spelling of caliph, the title for a Muslim leader regarded as a successor to Muhammad.
The spelling calif appears in older texts and some contemporary contexts, though caliph is now more common in English: The calif ruled over a vast territory.
The office or realm of a calif is a califate (or caliphate).
Member of Turkish dynasty
- successorOne who replaces another
- commanderPerson with authority over others
- emirArab noble title
- sultanMuslim royal ruler
Baghdad · Damascus · Al-Andalus · Moorish · dynasty · lineage · succession · realm
Muslim religious guide
- religious leaderOne shepherding believers
- spiritualRelating to the soul
- temporalRelating to chronology
- shariaMuslim canonical jurisprudence
governance · sovereignty · jurisdiction · decree · legitimacy · custodian · protector · faithful
Ottoman
Member of Turkish dynasty
sultan · Baghdad · Damascus · Al-Andalus · Moorish · dynasty · lineage · succession · realm · dominion
imam
Muslim religious guide
- religious leaderOne shepherding believers
- spiritualRelating to the soul
- temporalRelating to chronology
sharia · governance · sovereignty · jurisdiction · decree · legitimacy · custodian · protector · faithful · investiture
califemperor
Male ruler of empire
tsar · kaiser · dictator · president · prime minister
califpope
Catholic Church's supreme leader
patriarch · pontiff · archbishop · cardinal · metropolitan
- Umayyad CaliphateEarly Islamic dynastic empire
- Sokoto CaliphateFulani-led Islamic state, Nigeria
- Fatimid CaliphateShia dynasty ruling medieval Egypt
- Rashidun CaliphateFirst major Islamic successor state