school segregation
Divided student bodies
School segregation is the separation of students by race, ethnicity, or other characteristics into different schools or classrooms.
In the United States, it most often refers to the legal separation of Black and white students that persisted until the mid-20th century: Brown v. Board of Education declared school segregation unconstitutional in 1954.
De facto segregation—resulting from residential patterns rather than law—continues to shape American education.
- redliningRefusing loans by neighborhood
- Plessy v. FergusonRuling allowing racial separation
- psychological harmMental or emotional damage
- Little Rock NineStudents who desegregated Arkansas school
- Jim Crow lawsPost-Reconstruction racial separation statutes
tracking systems · white flight · zoning laws · gentrification · Civil Rights Act · diversity quotas · social stratification · affirmative action · equal opportunity · freedom of choice · separate but equal · federal oversight · Title IX · anti-discrimination laws · Freedom Riders · NAACP · urban renewal projects · Thurgood Marshall
- school segregationBrown v. Board, separate but equal, Plessy v. Ferguson, Jim Crow laws, busing
- Apartheidapartheid, pass laws, Group Areas Act, passbook, passbooks
- discriminationracism, systemic discrimination, Jim Crow laws, sexism, racial harassment
- education historyeducation reforms, educational reforms, medieval universities, schoolhouse, schoolmaster
- Jim CrowJim Crow laws, separate but equal, Plessy v. Ferguson, whites only, whites only signs
- racial injusticesystemic racism, institutional racism, racial profiling, racial bias, discrimination
school segregationschool integration
Ending separated education
integration · desegregation · school desegregation · integrated schools · racial integration
school segregationBrown v. Board of Education
Landmark desegregation decision
educational equality · civil rights · nondiscrimination · universal access · open access
school segregationinclusion
Being made part
integration · unity · diversity · pluralism · multiculturalism
school, segregation, schools, schooled, schooling, schooler, preschool, homeschool, segregate