reserved powers
Unenumerated governmental authorities
Reserved powers are governmental authorities not explicitly granted to a central government, therefore retained by subordinate units.
In the United States, the Tenth Amendment reserves to the states all powers not delegated to the federal government: Education policy is traditionally a reserved power of the states.
The concept appears in other federal systems where regional governments maintain autonomous authority over certain domains.
Distributing power from center
- subsidiarityLocal authority when able
- dual sovereigntyTwo authorities over one territory
- devolutionTransferring power locally
- home ruleDelegated local autonomy
local government · municipal authority · states' rights · nullification · block grants
Supreme independent authority
- jurisdictionLegal authority's scope
- self-governanceIndependent management of affairs
- autonomyIndependent decision-making capacity
- state legislaturesRegional elected lawmaking bodies
state courts · public health · public safety · licensing · zoning · land use · family law · criminal law
Authorities explicitly granted by constitution
- concurrent powersPowers held by multiple governments
- ratificationFormal approval by authority
- bill of rightsDocument listing protected liberties
- supremacy clauseRule establishing legal precedence
necessary and proper · federalism · separation of powers · state constitutions · constitutional convention · judicial review · preemption
Systematic development of mind
- healthcareOrganized provision of treatment
- welfareComfort and prosperity
- taxationCompulsory government revenue collection
- infrastructureBasic physical systems
transportation · environmental regulation · public safety · criminal justice · family law · professional licensing · building codes · elections
decentralization
Distributing power from center
- subsidiarityLocal authority when able
- dual sovereigntyTwo authorities over one territory
- devolutionTransferring power locally
home rule · local government · municipal authority · states' rights · nullification · block grants
sovereignty
Supreme independent authority
- jurisdictionLegal authority's scope
- self-governanceIndependent management of affairs
- autonomyIndependent decision-making capacity
state legislatures · state courts · public health · public safety · licensing · zoning · land use · family law · criminal law · voter registration
enumerated powers
Authorities explicitly granted by constitution
- concurrent powersPowers held by multiple governments
- ratificationFormal approval by authority
- bill of rightsDocument listing protected liberties
supremacy clause · necessary and proper · federalism · separation of powers · state constitutions · constitutional convention · judicial review · preemption
education
Systematic development of mind
- healthcareOrganized provision of treatment
- welfareComfort and prosperity
- taxationCompulsory government revenue collection
infrastructure · transportation · environmental regulation · public safety · criminal justice · family law · professional licensing · building codes · elections · voting laws
- constitutional lawConstitution, Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Fourth Amendment
- ConstitutionBill of Rights, preamble, articles, U.S. Constitution, Article I
- constitutional governmentseparation of powers, checks and balances, branches of government, executive branch, legislative branch
- Early RepublicGeorge Washington, Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Constitutional Convention
- federalismstates' rights, federal law, federal district, enumerated powers, federal agency
- UK governancedevolution, local government, local councils, central government, local authorities
reserved powersenumerated powers
Authorities explicitly granted by constitution
federal powers · federal authority · centralized authority · federal jurisdiction · war powers
power, reserve, reserved, reservation, reserves, unreserved, reserving, unreservedly, reservists