psychosurgery
Surgical psychiatric treatment
Psychosurgery is brain surgery performed to treat mental illness or behavioral disorders by destroying or disconnecting specific brain tissue.
The lobotomy was the most notorious form, widely performed in the mid-twentieth century before falling into disrepute.
Modern psychosurgery uses precise techniques for severe, treatment-resistant conditions: Psychosurgery remains controversial and is used only as a last resort.
Severing prefrontal neural pathways
- backlashStrong negative reaction
- moratoriumTemporary prohibition or delay
- banOfficial restriction on something
- malpracticeHarmful professional negligence
Walter Freeman · stigma · abuse · institutionalization · One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest · outcry · discredited · cautionary tale
Severing prefrontal neural pathways
- deep brain stimulationImplanted electrodes modulating neural circuits
- ablationRemoval by cutting, melting
- resectionSurgical tissue removal
- craniotomySurgical skull removal procedure
- trepanationSurgical skull perforation
- Nobel PrizeHighest academic honor
- 1930sFourth decade, twentieth century
- 1940sFourth decade, twentieth century
1950s · deinstitutionalization · chlorpromazine · decline · resurgence
Brain's planning and impulse center
- limbic systemEmotional brain structures
- amygdalaEmotion-processing brain cluster
- thalamusBrain's signal switchboard
- hypothalamusSubthalamic regulatory brain region
basal ganglia · white matter · frontal lobe · corpus callosum · hippocampus · neural pathways
Permission given with understanding
- autonomyIndependent decision-making capacity
- irreversibilityState of being permanent
- beneficenceActive desire to help
- patient rightsLegal protections for care recipients
capacity · coercion · vulnerability · experimental · last resort · risk-benefit analysis · dignity · involuntary treatment
Psychotic disorder with delusions
- obsessive-compulsive disorderAnxiety disorder with rituals
- severe depressionDebilitating mood disorder
- bipolar disorderExtreme mood cycling illness
- intractable painPersistent suffering resisting treatment
epilepsy · aggression · anxiety disorders · Parkinson's disease · dystonia · Tourette syndrome · anorexia nervosa · addiction
lobotomy
Severing prefrontal neural pathways
- backlashStrong negative reaction
- moratoriumTemporary prohibition or delay
- banOfficial restriction on something
Walter Freeman · malpractice · stigma · abuse · institutionalization · One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest · outcry · discredited · cautionary tale
lobotomy
Severing prefrontal neural pathways
- deep brain stimulationImplanted electrodes modulating neural circuits
- ablationRemoval by cutting, melting
- resectionSurgical tissue removal
Walter Freeman
- trepanationSurgical skull perforation
- Nobel PrizeHighest academic honor
- 1930sFourth decade, twentieth century
1940s · 1950s · deinstitutionalization · chlorpromazine · decline · resurgence
prefrontal cortex
Brain's planning and impulse center
- limbic systemEmotional brain structures
- amygdalaEmotion-processing brain cluster
- thalamusBrain's signal switchboard
hypothalamus · basal ganglia · white matter · frontal lobe · corpus callosum · hippocampus · neural pathways
informed consent
Permission given with understanding
- autonomyIndependent decision-making capacity
- irreversibilityState of being permanent
- beneficenceActive desire to help
patient rights · capacity · coercion · vulnerability · experimental · last resort · risk-benefit analysis · dignity · involuntary treatment · regulation
schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder with delusions
- obsessive-compulsive disorderAnxiety disorder with rituals
- severe depressionDebilitating mood disorder
- bipolar disorderExtreme mood cycling illness
intractable pain · epilepsy · aggression · anxiety disorders · Parkinson's disease · dystonia · Tourette syndrome · anorexia nervosa · addiction
- Psychology HistoryFreud, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jung, William James
- brain science historyBroca, Golgi, phrenology, brain mapping, brain lesions
- Neuromodulationdeep brain stimulation, DBS, neurostimulator, neuromodulation, neural implant
psychosurgerynon-invasive treatment
Care without penetrating body
talk therapy · psychotherapy · counseling · conservative treatment · cognitive behavioral therapy
psychosurgerymedication
Therapeutic substance for illness
psychopharmacology · psychiatric medication · drug therapy · pharmacotherapy · antidepressants
psychosurgerywatchful waiting
Monitoring before acting
spontaneous remission · non-intervention · patient autonomy · holistic healing · self-help
surgery, surgeon, surgical, psychology, psycho, surgeons, psychiatrist, psychosis, neurosurgery