particularism
Favoring specific identities
Particularism is the principle of granting priority to particular groups, interests, or circumstances over universal standards.
In politics, it favors regional or ethnic autonomy against centralized authority: Basque particularism has long challenged Spanish unity.
In ethics, it holds that moral judgments depend on specific situations rather than general rules.
In theology, it's the doctrine that divine grace or salvation extends only to certain chosen individuals, not humanity as a whole.
Coexistence of differing views
- relativismContext-dependent truth doctrine
- contextualismBelief justification varies situationally
- universalismDoctrine of total reconciliation
- communitarianismPhilosophy prioritizing collective bonds
individualism · subjectivism · historicism · absolutism · autonomy · localism · decentralization · differentiation
Prejudiced loyalty to subgroups
- denominationNamed religious group
- schismFormal organizational fracture
- creedStatement of belief
- dogmaUnchallengeable official beliefs
orthodoxy · heresy · theology · ecclesiastical · canon · sect · factionalism · exclusivism
Devotion to one's country
- sovereigntySupreme independent authority
- self-determinationControl over one's fate
- autonomyIndependent decision-making capacity
- federalismDivided governmental authority system
regionalism · separatism · devolution · localism · decentralization · independence · homeland · identity
Unfair inclination or prejudice
- nepotismPreferring kin in hiring
- cronyismFavoring friends in appointments
- partialityUnfair favor toward some
- patronageSupporter's financial backing
inequity · discrimination · prejudice · privilege · unfairness · one-sidedness · tribalism · cliquishness
pluralism
Coexistence of differing views
- relativismContext-dependent truth doctrine
- contextualismBelief justification varies situationally
- universalismDoctrine of total reconciliation
communitarianism · individualism · subjectivism · historicism · absolutism · autonomy · localism · decentralization · differentiation · specificity
sectarianism
Prejudiced loyalty to subgroups
- denominationNamed religious group
- schismFormal organizational fracture
- creedStatement of belief
dogma · orthodoxy · heresy · theology · ecclesiastical · canon · sect · factionalism · exclusivism · tribalism
nationalism
Devotion to one's country
- sovereigntySupreme independent authority
- self-determinationControl over one's fate
- autonomyIndependent decision-making capacity
federalism · regionalism · separatism · devolution · localism · decentralization · independence · homeland · identity · ethnonationalism
bias
Unfair inclination or prejudice
- nepotismPreferring kin in hiring
- cronyismFavoring friends in appointments
- partialityUnfair favor toward some
patronage · inequity · discrimination · prejudice · privilege · unfairness · one-sidedness · tribalism · cliquishness · exclusion
- anthropologyanthropology, fieldwork, ethnography, social anthropology, cultural anthropology
- philosophiesempiricism, stoicism, nihilism, idealism, materialism
- 1800s GermanyBismarck, Prussia, German unification, German Confederation, Congress of Vienna
- ideologiescapitalism, communism, conservatism, liberalism, socialism
- ideologyideology, worldview, belief system, values, collectivism
- tribalismtribalism, in-group, out-group, outgroup, ingroup
particularismuniversalism
Doctrine of total reconciliation
cosmopolitanism · impartiality · egalitarianism · humanitarianism · global justice
particularismuniversalism
Doctrine of total reconciliation
centralism · federalism · globalism · internationalism · supranationalism
particularity, particularities, particularize, particularized