nonvoluntary
Without consent given
Nonvoluntary describes actions or conditions that occur without the exercise of will—neither chosen nor actively refused.
The term appears most often in medical and ethical contexts: nonvoluntary euthanasia involves ending the life of someone incapable of consent, such as a comatose patient.
Distinguished from involuntary (against one's will) and voluntary (by choice), nonvoluntary occupies the middle ground where will simply isn't present.
Occurring by chance
- inadvertentDone without intention
- unintendedNot done on purpose
- unwittingNot aware or conscious
- unplannedNot arranged beforehand
instinctive · unconscious · automatic · spontaneous · unbidden · unprompted · knee-jerk · impulsive
Mandatory military enrollment
- draftPreliminary version of text
- press-gangCompel military service
- shanghaiForcibly conscript for seafaring
- commandeerSeize for official purposes
expropriate · confiscate · seize · requisition · levy · nationalize · impressment · deportation
Frighten suddenly
- flinchInvoluntary retreat from threat
- gagMouth restraint or jest
- shiverInvoluntary trembling sensation
- hiccupSpasmodic breath intake
withdrawal · patellar · pupillary · stretch · knee-jerk · recoil · wince · jerk
Rhythmic cardiac contraction
- breathingPulmonary gas exchange
- blinkRapid lid movement
- swallowSend down the throat
- digestionBodily food breakdown
circulation · sneeze · cough · yawn · homeostasis · thermoregulation · metabolism · perspiration
accidental
Occurring by chance
- inadvertentDone without intention
- unintendedNot done on purpose
- unwittingNot aware or conscious
unplanned · instinctive · unconscious · automatic · spontaneous · unbidden · unprompted · knee-jerk · impulsive · unreflective
conscription
Mandatory military enrollment
- draftPreliminary version of text
- press-gangCompel military service
- shanghaiForcibly conscript for seafaring
commandeer · expropriate · confiscate · seize · requisition · levy · nationalize · impressment · deportation · internment
startle
Frighten suddenly
- flinchInvoluntary retreat from threat
- gagMouth restraint or jest
- shiverInvoluntary trembling sensation
hiccup · withdrawal · patellar · pupillary · stretch · knee-jerk · recoil · wince · jerk · twitch
heartbeat
Rhythmic cardiac contraction
digestion · circulation · sneeze · cough · yawn · homeostasis · thermoregulation · metabolism · perspiration · salivation
nonvoluntaryvoluntary
Done by choice
willful · deliberate · intentional · volitional · freewill
nonvoluntaryvoluntary
Done by choice
optional · non-compulsory · elective · discretionary · non-obligatory
volunteer, voluntary, volition, malevolence, involuntary, benevolence, voluntarily, involuntarily, involuntariness