cognate
Cross-language word relative
Cognate describes words in different languages that share a common ancestor: English *mother*, German *Mutter*, and Latin *mater* are cognates, all descended from the same Proto-Indo-European root.
The term extends to any things related by common origin—cognate languages, cognate disciplines.
In law, cognate means related through the mother's side.
As a noun, a cognate is such a related word or thing: The Spanish word for night is a cognate of the French.
Original word form
- rootUnderground absorbing structure
- proto-languageReconstructed common ancestor tongue
- derivationSource or origin tracing
- reconstructionRebuilding after destruction
comparative · historical · philology · reflex · inherited · borrowing · loanword · doublet
Smallest meaningful language unit
- phonologyScience of language sounds
- semanticsStudy of linguistic meaning
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- lexiconVocabulary of a language
grammar · linguistics · systematic · romance · reconstruction · diachronic · synchronic
Connected by blood or nature
- siblingBrother or sister
- familyRelated people together
- cousinAunt or uncle's child
- descendantPerson from earlier generations
ancestor · lineage · bloodline · kinship · genealogy · heritage · offspring · progeny
Corresponding person or thing
- equivalentSame in value or function
- parallelEquidistant at all points
- analogComparable equivalent
- correlateShow mutual relationship
homologue · correspondent · match · twin · corresponding · analogous · similar · alike
etymon
Original word form
- rootUnderground absorbing structure
- proto-languageReconstructed common ancestor tongue
- derivationSource or origin tracing
reconstruction · comparative · historical · philology · reflex · inherited · borrowing · loanword · doublet · etymology
morpheme
Smallest meaningful language unit
- phonologyScience of language sounds
- semanticsStudy of linguistic meaning
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
lexicon · grammar · linguistics · systematic · romance · reconstruction · diachronic · synchronic
related
Connected by blood or nature
descendant · ancestor · lineage · bloodline · kinship · genealogy · heritage · offspring · progeny · forebear
counterpart
Corresponding person or thing
- equivalentSame in value or function
- parallelEquidistant at all points
- analogComparable equivalent
correlate · homologue · correspondent · match · twin · corresponding · analogous · similar · alike · akin
- languagelanguage, word, words, grammar, spelling
- vocabularyword, words, new words, term, terms
- translationtranslator, literal translation, literary translation, free translation, French translation
- etymologyword origins, word history, word origin, etymon, root words
- linguistic termsacronym, anagram, antonym, synonym, homonym
- linguisticslinguistics, phoneme, phonemes, morpheme, morphemes
cognatefalse friend
Deceptive apparent ally
unrelated · borrowed · loanword · unconnected · borrowed word
cognateunrelated
Having no link
unallied · unconnected · disassociated · alien · foreign