floodmarks
Stains from rising
Floodmarks are the lines or stains left on surfaces after floodwaters recede, showing how high the water reached.
They appear on buildings, trees, and riverbanks as visible records of past flooding: The floodmarks on the church wall showed water had risen six feet.
The term also applies figuratively to any residual evidence of overwhelming events.
Raised earth structure
- leveeRiver flood barrier
- riverbankLand bordering a stream
- riparianRelating to riverbanks
- streamsideAdjacent to flowing water
waterside · bank · meander · tributary · confluence · lowland · wetland · bottomland
Level water reaches
- stainLasting surface discoloration
- residueMatter left behind
- tidemarkHighest flood level indicator
- discolorationAltered surface pigmentation
Standard of measurement
- benchmarkStandard for comparison
- surveyingMeasuring and charting terrain
- calibrationAdjusting for measurement accuracy
- graduationCompleting academic requirements formally
datum · elevation · hydrograph · recording · documentation
Study of rock layers
- sedimentationParticles settling in liquid
- alluviumWater-deposited loose sediment
- fluvialRelating to rivers
- geomorphologyStudy of terrain formation
erosion · deposition · carbon-dating · paleoclimatology · archaeology · excavation · artifacts · delta
Removal from danger
- alertWarning or watchfulness
- emergencySerious sudden danger
- forecastPrediction of future conditions
- sandbagWeighted sack for barriers
hazard · flashflood · upstream · watershed · rainfall · precipitation · monitoring · preparedness
embankment
Raised earth structure
streamside · waterside · bank · meander · tributary · confluence · lowland · wetland · bottomland · shoreline
waterline
Level water reaches
discoloration · streak · crust · film
gauge
Standard of measurement
- benchmarkStandard for comparison
- surveyingMeasuring and charting terrain
- calibrationAdjusting for measurement accuracy
graduation · datum · elevation · hydrograph · recording · documentation
stratigraphy
Study of rock layers
- sedimentationParticles settling in liquid
- alluviumWater-deposited loose sediment
- fluvialRelating to rivers
geomorphology · erosion · deposition · carbon-dating · paleoclimatology · archaeology · excavation · artifacts · delta · estuary
evacuation
Removal from danger
sandbag · hazard · flashflood · upstream · watershed · rainfall · precipitation · monitoring · preparedness