floodmark
Stain from inundation
A floodmark is a line or stain left on surfaces by receding floodwaters, showing how high the water reached: The floodmark on the church wall was six feet above the floor.
Such marks serve as historical records of flood severity and help planners assess future risks.
Peak tidal elevation
- waterlineLevel water reaches
- tidemarkHighest flood level indicator
- riverbankLand bordering a stream
- leveeRiver flood barrier
embankment · gauge · benchmark · datum · elevation · crest · discharge · alluvium
Devastating, large-scale misfortune
- devastationSevere widespread destruction
- inundationOverwhelming surge of water
- delugeSevere overflow of water
- aftermathResults following an event
emergency · displacement · damage · recovery · relief · resilience · warning · prevention
Measuring and charting terrain
- gaugeStandard of measurement
- benchmarkStandard for comparison
- datumSingle unit of information
- calibrationAdjusting for measurement accuracy
elevation · altimeter · precision · quantify · assess · indicator · scale · graduation
Lasting surface discoloration
- residueMatter left behind
- discolorationAltered surface pigmentation
- sedimentParticles settling in liquid
- alluviumWater-deposited loose sediment
marker · trace · indicator · remnant · deposit · ring · weathering
Study of physical remnants
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- geologyStudy of Earth's composition
- artifactHuman-made historical object
- excavationAct of unearthing
sedimentation · erosion · deposition · paleoclimatology · dendrochronology · civilization · record · ancient
highwater
Peak tidal elevation
levee · embankment · gauge · benchmark · datum · elevation · crest · discharge · alluvium · sedimentation
catastrophe
Devastating, large-scale misfortune
- devastationSevere widespread destruction
- inundationOverwhelming surge of water
- delugeSevere overflow of water
aftermath · emergency · displacement · damage · recovery · relief · resilience · warning · prevention · mitigation
surveying
Measuring and charting terrain
calibration · elevation · altimeter · precision · quantify · assess · indicator · scale · graduation · recording
stain
Lasting surface discoloration
- residueMatter left behind
- discolorationAltered surface pigmentation
- sedimentParticles settling in liquid
alluvium · marker · trace · indicator · remnant · deposit · ring · weathering
archaeology
Study of physical remnants
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- geologyStudy of Earth's composition
- artifactHuman-made historical object
excavation · sedimentation · erosion · deposition · paleoclimatology · dendrochronology · civilization · record · ancient · inscription
floodmarklow-water mark
Lowest tidal reach
low tide mark · drought · aridity · baseline · desert