endocrinology
Study of glands
Endocrinology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with hormones and the glands that produce them—the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, pancreas, and others.
An endocrinologist treats conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, and hormonal imbalances: She was referred to endocrinology when her blood work came back abnormal.
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- cortisolAdrenal steroid regulating stress
- estrogenFemale reproductive hormone
- testosteroneChief male sex hormone
- thyroxineThyroid-produced metabolic hormone
adrenaline · melatonin · progesterone · glucagon · oxytocin · growth hormone · prolactin · aldosterone
Hormone-producing neck gland
- pituitaryBrain-base hormone gland
- adrenalNear the kidneys
- pancreasDual-function abdominal gland
- pinealShaped like cones
parathyroid · hypothalamus · ovaries · testes · thymus · gonads · islets of Langerhans · posterior pituitary
Metabolic disorder affecting glucose
- hypothyroidismInsufficient thyroid hormone production
- hyperthyroidismOverproduction of metabolic hormones
- acromegalyHormone-driven adult enlargement
- dwarfismGenetic shortness condition
goiter · PCOS · hyperglycemia · hypoglycemia · gigantism · thyroiditis · hyperparathyroidism · hypogonadism
Excision of neck gland
- hormone therapyTreatment using body's messengers
- HbA1cGlucose-bound red cell protein
- thyroid panelTests measuring neck-gland hormones
- hormone replacementSupplementing depleted bodily chemicals
Reduced cellular hormone sensitivity
- ketosisFat metabolism producing ketones
- basal metabolic rateMinimum energy for survival
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- blood sugar regulationManaging circulating glucose concentration
Protein binding chemical messengers
- feedback loopSelf-modifying cyclical process
- negative feedbackResponse indicating problems
- circadian rhythmBuilt-in sleep-wake cycle
insulin
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- cortisolAdrenal steroid regulating stress
- estrogenFemale reproductive hormone
- testosteroneChief male sex hormone
thyroxine · adrenaline · melatonin · progesterone · glucagon · oxytocin · growth hormone · prolactin · aldosterone · vasopressin
thyroid
Hormone-producing neck gland
pineal · parathyroid · hypothalamus · ovaries · testes · thymus · gonads · islets of Langerhans · posterior pituitary · follicle
diabetes
Metabolic disorder affecting glucose
- hypothyroidismInsufficient thyroid hormone production
- hyperthyroidismOverproduction of metabolic hormones
- acromegalyHormone-driven adult enlargement
dwarfism · goiter · PCOS · hyperglycemia · hypoglycemia · gigantism · thyroiditis · hyperparathyroidism · hypogonadism · metabolic syndrome
thyroidectomy
Excision of neck gland
- hormone therapyTreatment using body's messengers
- HbA1cGlucose-bound red cell protein
- thyroid panelTests measuring neck-gland hormones
hormone replacement · insulin pump · biopsy · radioactive iodine · adrenalectomy
insulin resistance
Reduced cellular hormone sensitivity
- ketosisFat metabolism producing ketones
- basal metabolic rateMinimum energy for survival
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
blood sugar regulation · metabolic rate · thermogenesis · obesity
hormone receptor
Protein binding chemical messengers
- feedback loopSelf-modifying cyclical process
- negative feedbackResponse indicating problems
- circadian rhythmBuilt-in sleep-wake cycle
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endocrinologyneurology
Medical science of nerves
cardiology · orthopedics · dermatology · pulmonology · nephrology