covariation
Variables moving together
Covariation is the tendency of two things to change together.
In statistics and science, variables that covary move in relation to each other—when one increases, the other consistently increases or decreases.
The study found covariation between income and educational attainment.
The term appears in psychology, economics, and research methodology to describe relationships that may or may not reflect causation.
Reciprocal reliance between entities
- associationGroup with shared aim
- concomitanceSimultaneous existence or occurrence
- correspondenceExchanged written communication
- synchronyTemporal coordination
concordance · parallelism · reciprocity · linkage · interrelation · co-occurrence · coupling · contingency
Statistical relationship measure
- regressionReturn to former state
- multivariateInvolving multiple variables simultaneously
- ANOVACompares means among groups
- interactionReciprocal action between parties
factorial · significance · p-value · chi-square · coefficient · analysis · bivariate · scatterplot
Requiring outside support
- independentFree from external control
- predictorOne who foretells events
- outcomeFinal result of events
- confoundingCausing surprise or confusion
mediator · moderator · continuous · categorical · control · extraneous · latent · observed
Based on observation, not theory
- methodologyFormal procedural framework
- quantitativeConcerning measurable amounts
- hypothesisTestable proposed explanation
- longitudinalAlong the longer dimension
cross-sectional · replication · sampling · measurement · operationalization · validity · reliability · causation
interdependence
Reciprocal reliance between entities
- associationGroup with shared aim
- concomitanceSimultaneous existence or occurrence
- correspondenceExchanged written communication
synchrony · concordance · parallelism · reciprocity · linkage · interrelation · co-occurrence · coupling · contingency · proportionality
correlation
Statistical relationship measure
- regressionReturn to former state
- multivariateInvolving multiple variables simultaneously
- ANOVACompares means among groups
interaction · factorial · significance · p-value · chi-square · coefficient · analysis · bivariate · scatterplot · slope
dependent
Requiring outside support
- independentFree from external control
- predictorOne who foretells events
- outcomeFinal result of events
confounding · mediator · moderator · continuous · categorical · control · extraneous · latent · observed · manifest
empirical
Based on observation, not theory
- methodologyFormal procedural framework
- quantitativeConcerning measurable amounts
- hypothesisTestable proposed explanation
longitudinal · cross-sectional · replication · sampling · measurement · operationalization · validity · reliability · causation · observational
covariationindependence
Freedom from external control
orthogonality · unrelatedness · randomness · noise · decorrelation
covariationconstancy
Unchanging faithfulness over time
invariance · stability · stasis · fixedness
various, vary, varied, variation, variable, varying, variant, variance, invariable