cosine
Sine's phase-shifted twin
Cosine is one of the basic trigonometric functions, representing the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
Along with sine, it forms the foundation of trigonometry and appears throughout physics, engineering, and signal processing.
The cosine of an angle oscillates between -1 and 1, producing the familiar wave pattern: The cosine wave is shifted 90 degrees from the sine wave.
Line touching curve once
- secantTrig ratio, 1/cos
- cosecantReciprocal of sine
- cotangentTangent reciprocal function
- hypotenuseLongest right-triangle side
adjacent · opposite · unit circle · radian · degree · inverse · arccos · identity
Geometric measure of rotation
- adjacentDirectly next to
- hypotenuseLongest right-triangle side
- vertexPoint where edges converge
- rotationTurning on an axis
orientation · direction · bearing · inclination · arc · radius · circumference · chord
Maximum oscillation displacement
- frequencyRate of recurrence
- phaseDistinct period in sequence
- oscillationRepeated back-and-forth movement
- harmonicOf musical overtones
periodicity · cycle · wavelength · resonance · modulation · signal · alternating · undulation
Quantity with direction
- dot productSum of component products
- distanceSpace between two points
- embeddingPlacing within surrounding mass
- machine learningAlgorithms that improve from data
text analysis · normalization · semantic · clustering · nearest neighbor · recommendation · NLP
tangent
Line touching curve once
hypotenuse · adjacent · opposite · unit circle · radian · degree · inverse · arccos · identity · ratio
angle
Geometric measure of rotation
- adjacentDirectly next to
- hypotenuseLongest right-triangle side
- vertexPoint where edges converge
rotation · orientation · direction · bearing · inclination · arc · radius · circumference · chord · sector
amplitude
Maximum oscillation displacement
- frequencyRate of recurrence
- phaseDistinct period in sequence
- oscillationRepeated back-and-forth movement
harmonic · periodicity · cycle · wavelength · resonance · modulation · signal · alternating · undulation · interference
vector
Quantity with direction
- dot productSum of component products
- distanceSpace between two points
- embeddingPlacing within surrounding mass
machine learning · text analysis · normalization · semantic · clustering · nearest neighbor · recommendation · NLP
- smooth functionstangent, polynomial, exponential, logarithm, exponential function
- math conceptsangle, numbers, algebra, circle, equations
- trigonometrytangent, secant, cosecant, cotangent, sin
- distance measureshamming, jaccard, geodesic, great circle
- interpolationlinear, bilinear, cubic, spline, interpolation
- math functionsabs, add, tangent, subtract, logarithm
- law of cosinesTriangle side-angle relation
- arc cosineInverse of cosine function