benzenes
Six-carbon ring compounds
Benzenes is the plural of benzene, a colorless flammable liquid hydrocarbon with a distinctive sweet smell.
Benzene is a fundamental building block in organic chemistry, forming a six-carbon ring structure that appears in countless compounds: The lab tested for benzenes and other aromatic hydrocarbons.
Though once common in gasoline and solvents, benzene is now recognized as a carcinogen and its industrial use is restricted.
Monovalent benzene radical
- phenolAromatic hydroxyl compound
- benzaldehydeAromatic aldehyde, almond-scented
- xyleneDimethylbenzene industrial solvent
- styreneAromatic hydrocarbon for plastics
naphthalene · nitrobenzene · benzyl · cyclohexane · petrochemicals · solvent
Causes cancer
- toxicCapable of causing harm
- flammableProne to ignition
- volatileLiable to sudden change
- fumesAirborne chemical irritants
vapors · flashpoint · combustible · exposure · inhalation · leukemia · OSHA · safety
Six-sided closed figure
- ringClosed curve shape
- conjugationVerb form variation system
- resonanceAmplified oscillation at natural frequency
- delocalizedSpread over an area
aromaticity · planar · ortho · meta · para · isomer · electron cloud · double bonds
Dissolving liquid or financially stable
- petrochemicalsCompounds derived from petroleum
- refiningRemoving unwanted elements
- crude oilUnrefined fossil fuel
- distillationPurification via vaporization
plastics · synthetic rubber · dyes · detergents · pharmaceuticals · nylon · polystyrene · resins
Adding hydrocarbon groups chemically
- nitrationNitro group insertion process
- sulfonationAttaching sulfonic groups chemically
- substitutionExchange of one for another
- Friedel-CraftsLewis acid-catalyzed aromatic substitution
hydrogenation · oxidation · bromination · chlorination · catalysis · reactivity · addition
phenyl
Monovalent benzene radical
- phenolAromatic hydroxyl compound
- benzaldehydeAromatic aldehyde, almond-scented
- xyleneDimethylbenzene industrial solvent
styrene · naphthalene · nitrobenzene · benzyl · cyclohexane · petrochemicals · solvent
carcinogenic
Causes cancer
fumes · vapors · flashpoint · combustible · exposure · inhalation · leukemia · OSHA · safety · ventilation
hexagon
Six-sided closed figure
- ringClosed curve shape
- conjugationVerb form variation system
- resonanceAmplified oscillation at natural frequency
delocalized · aromaticity · planar · ortho · meta · para · isomer · electron cloud · double bonds · cyclic
solvent
Dissolving liquid or financially stable
- petrochemicalsCompounds derived from petroleum
- refiningRemoving unwanted elements
- crude oilUnrefined fossil fuel
distillation · plastics · synthetic rubber · dyes · detergents · pharmaceuticals · nylon · polystyrene · resins · coatings
alkylation
Adding hydrocarbon groups chemically
- nitrationNitro group insertion process
- sulfonationAttaching sulfonic groups chemically
- substitutionExchange of one for another
Friedel-Crafts · hydrogenation · oxidation · bromination · chlorination · catalysis · reactivity · addition