random variables
Outcomes from uncertainty
A random variable is a quantity whose value depends on chance—the outcome of rolling dice, the height of a randomly selected person, tomorrow's temperature.
In statistics and probability theory, random variables formalize uncertainty by assigning numerical values to possible outcomes: The random variable X represents the number of heads in ten coin flips.
They may be discrete (countable outcomes) or continuous (any value in a range).
Average, or spiteful
- varianceSpread around the mean
- standard deviationSpread around the mean
- covarianceJoint deviation measure
- correlationStatistical relationship measure
median · mode · moments · skewness · quantile · percentile · parameter · estimator
Allocation across recipients
- expected valueProbability-weighted outcome average
- outcomeFinal result of events
- likelihoodChance something will occur
- eventA notable occurrence
conditional · independent · dependent · binomial · normal · uniform · discrete · continuous
Return to former state
- hypothesis testingStatistical method for evaluating claims
- confidence intervalEstimated bounds for population parameter
- significanceQuality of mattering
- p-valueProbability under null hypothesis
t-test · z-score · chi-square · ANOVA · inference · estimation · sampling · bias
Likelihood of occurrence
- unpredictabilityState resisting forecasts
- noiseUnwanted auditory disturbance
- errorFault in communication
- variabilityTendency to change
fluctuation · aleatory · risk · indeterminacy · entropy · information theory
Imitation of real processes
- Monte CarloProbability estimation through randomness
- time seriesChronologically ordered observations
- forecastingEstimating future conditions
- predictionForecast of coming events
mean
Average, or spiteful
- varianceSpread around the mean
- standard deviationSpread around the mean
- covarianceJoint deviation measure
correlation · median · mode · moments · skewness · quantile · percentile · parameter · estimator · sample
distribution
Allocation across recipients
- expected valueProbability-weighted outcome average
- outcomeFinal result of events
- likelihoodChance something will occur
event · conditional · independent · dependent · binomial · normal · uniform · discrete · continuous · cumulative
regression
Return to former state
- hypothesis testingStatistical method for evaluating claims
- confidence intervalEstimated bounds for population parameter
- significanceQuality of mattering
p-value · t-test · z-score · chi-square · ANOVA · inference · estimation · sampling · bias · normality
chance
Likelihood of occurrence
- unpredictabilityState resisting forecasts
- noiseUnwanted auditory disturbance
- errorFault in communication
variability · fluctuation · aleatory · risk · indeterminacy · entropy · information theory
simulation
Imitation of real processes
- Monte CarloProbability estimation through randomness
- time seriesChronologically ordered observations
- forecastingEstimating future conditions
prediction · machine learning · actuarial · financial modeling
- stochastic processesmartingale, white noise, irreducibility, reversibility, transience
- probabilityprobability, chance, odds, luck, likely
- statisticsmean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation
- measurable functions
- BernoulliBernoulli numbers, Bernoulli's principle
random, variable, randomly, randomness, randomized, randomize, nonrandom, randomization, randomizing