public debt
What nations owe
Public debt is money owed by a government, accumulated through borrowing to cover budget shortfalls.
Also called national debt or government debt.
The term encompasses bonds, treasury bills, and other securities issued to domestic and foreign creditors.
The public debt has grown substantially over the past decade.
Economists debate sustainable levels of public debt relative to GDP.
Spending exceeding revenue
- shortfallFailure to reach quota
- overspendingExceeding one's budget
- red inkSymbol for financial loss
- expendituresMoney paid out
arrears · liabilities · overrun · deficit financing · imbalance · spending cuts
State spending and taxation
- fiscal disciplineControlled government spending
- fiscal stimulusGovernment spending to boost economy
- macroeconomicsStudy of aggregate economies
- monetary policyCentral bank economic controls
central bank · inflation · GDP · economic growth · recession · countercyclical · Keynesian · balanced budget
Binding tie or connection
- loanBorrowed money repaid later
- creditorOne owed money
- lenderOne who loans money
- interestAttention, stake, or fee
repayment · government bonds · municipal bonds · maturity · yield · securities · credit rating · capital markets
Government-issued debt securities
- government securitiesState-backed debt instruments
- giltCovered with gold
- T-billsShort-term government securities
- yield curveRates plotted against maturities
safe haven · bondholders · institutional investors · pension funds · secondary market · auction · spread · credit default swap
Global economic assistance organization
- World BankGlobal development finance institution
- bailoutEmergency aid preventing bankruptcy
- conditionalityState of being dependent
- national sovereigntyState's ultimate governing power
Government's collected funds
- levyCompulsory government charge
- income taxGovernment charge on earnings
- VATIncremental consumption tax
- corporate taxLevy on company profits
tariff · duty · taxpayer · tax burden · tax base · revenue collection · tax policy · progressive taxation
budget deficit
Spending exceeding revenue
- shortfallFailure to reach quota
- overspendingExceeding one's budget
- red inkSymbol for financial loss
expenditures · arrears · liabilities · overrun · deficit financing · imbalance · spending cuts
fiscal policy
State spending and taxation
- fiscal disciplineControlled government spending
- fiscal stimulusGovernment spending to boost economy
- macroeconomicsStudy of aggregate economies
monetary policy · central bank · inflation · GDP · economic growth · recession · countercyclical · Keynesian · balanced budget · discretionary spending
bond
Binding tie or connection
interest · repayment · government bonds · municipal bonds · maturity · yield · securities · credit rating · capital markets · bondholder
treasury bonds
Government-issued debt securities
- government securitiesState-backed debt instruments
- giltCovered with gold
- T-billsShort-term government securities
yield curve · safe haven · bondholders · institutional investors · pension funds · secondary market · auction · spread · credit default swap
IMF
Global economic assistance organization
- World BankGlobal development finance institution
- bailoutEmergency aid preventing bankruptcy
- conditionalityState of being dependent
national sovereignty · economic independence · austerity measures
tax revenue
Government's collected funds
- levyCompulsory government charge
- income taxGovernment charge on earnings
- VATIncremental consumption tax
corporate tax · tariff · duty · taxpayer · tax burden · tax base · revenue collection · tax policy · progressive taxation · excise
- economic policymonetary policy, tax policy, fiscal discipline, fiscal stimulus, fiscal restraint
- EU Fiscaleurozone, European Central Bank, European Commission, budget deficit, budget deficits
- debtscar loan, student loan, loans, bank loan, personal loan
- economicssupply and demand, inflation, GDP, GNP, gross domestic product
- economyGDP, money, inflation, inflation rate, GNP
- UK economyBank of England, pound sterling, GDP, London Stock Exchange, sterling
public debtpublic assets
Collectively owned governmental property
government assets · government surplus · national wealth · state assets
public debtbudget surplus
Revenue exceeding outlays
fiscal surplus · government surplus · balanced budget · fiscal austerity · debt repayment
public, debt, publish, republic, publication, publishing, publicize, publisher, publicly