presumptions
Taking for granted
Presumptions are assumptions taken as true without proof, or beliefs held before evidence is examined.
In law, a presumption shifts the burden of proof: the presumption of innocence means the prosecution must prove guilt.
Outside legal contexts, presumptions often carry a negative tinge—beliefs held arrogantly or without justification: His presumptions about her background were completely wrong.
Unverified beliefs or guesses
- premisesProperty with buildings
- hypothesesProposed explanations to test
- conjecturesUnverified assumptions or theories
- postulationsAssertions taken as premises
inferences · presuppositions · preconceptions · expectations · anticipations · conclusions · beliefs · notions
Opinions formed beforehand
- prejudicesPreformed negative judgments
- prejudgmentsOpinions formed beforehand
- predispositionsPrior tendencies toward outcomes
- stereotypesOversimplified beliefs about groups
partiality · foregone conclusions · snap judgments · biases · blind spots · misconceptions · assumptions
Brazen, reckless daring
- impertinenceRude disregard for propriety
- nerveSignal-carrying body fiber
- gallImpudent boldness or bitterness
- effronteryShameless, insolent boldness
cheek · impudence · temerity · boldness · forwardness · overstepping · liberties · hubris
Capable of being disproved
- prima facieApparently true initially
- burden of proofDuty to prove allegations
- innocenceFreedom from wrongdoing
- legitimacyLawful or rightful status
paternity · death · survivorship · validity · regularity · continuance
suppositions
Unverified beliefs or guesses
- premisesProperty with buildings
- hypothesesProposed explanations to test
- conjecturesUnverified assumptions or theories
postulations · inferences · presuppositions · preconceptions · expectations · anticipations · conclusions · beliefs · notions · theories
preconceptions
Opinions formed beforehand
- prejudicesPreformed negative judgments
- prejudgmentsOpinions formed beforehand
- predispositionsPrior tendencies toward outcomes
stereotypes · partiality · foregone conclusions · snap judgments · biases · blind spots · misconceptions · assumptions
audacity
Brazen, reckless daring
- impertinenceRude disregard for propriety
- nerveSignal-carrying body fiber
- gallImpudent boldness or bitterness
effrontery · cheek · impudence · temerity · boldness · forwardness · overstepping · liberties · hubris · chutzpah
rebuttable
Capable of being disproved
- prima facieApparently true initially
- burden of proofDuty to prove allegations
- innocenceFreedom from wrongdoing
legitimacy · paternity · death · survivorship · validity · regularity · continuance
- church courtsappeals court, appellate court, Rota
- evidenceevidence, evidence bag, circumstantial evidence, proof, admissible
- expectationsexpect, expectation, anticipate, expectancy, await
- Jewish evidencewitness testimony, dayan
presumptionscertainties
Assured truths
proofs · evidence · demonstrations · verifications · confirmations
presumptionsdoubts
Feelings of uncertainty
uncertainties · skepticism · open-mindedness · agnosticism · reservations
presumptionshumility
Freedom from arrogance
modesty · deference · diffidence · self-effacement · reserve
- presumption of innocenceDefault legal blamelessness
- presumption of deathLegal status for the missing