microarrays
Spotted DNA slides
Microarrays are laboratory tools that allow scientists to analyze thousands of biological molecules simultaneously.
A typical microarray is a small glass or silicon chip containing an orderly grid of DNA, proteins, or other samples.
Researchers use them to measure gene expression, detect mutations, or screen for diseases: The microarray revealed which genes were active in the tumor cells.
Also called gene chips or biochips when used for DNA analysis.
Gene expression molecule
- mRNAGene's working copy
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
- overexpressionExcessive gene activity
silencing · differential · pathway · profiling · cDNA · splicing · quantification
Methods identifying problems
- biomarkersMeasurable disease indicators
- cancerUncontrolled cell proliferation disease
- pharmacogenomicsGene-based drug response study
- clinicalEmotionally detached, medically precise
disease · screening · classification · prognostic · therapeutic
Seen or patterned
- printedTransferred to paper
- high-throughputRapid large-scale processing capacity
- scannerDevice that reads data
- laserConcentrated light device
robotic · photolithography · inkjet · substrate · coating · immobilization · density · miniaturization
Adjusting to a standard
- clusteringForming concentrated groups
- bioinformaticsComputational analysis of genetic data
- statisticsCollected numerical information
- algorithmsFinite instruction sequences
heatmap · PCA · hierarchical · significance · p-value · replicates · validation · preprocessing
Thorough examination or tool
- targetObject of pursuit
- complementaryMutually supplying lacks
- annealingHeat-softening of metals
- stringencySeverity of requirements
fluorescence · labeling · wash · specificity · binding · thermodynamics · spotted · immobilized
Hereditary code molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- genotypingAnalyzing DNA variants
- polymorphismMany forms, one interface
- allelesVariant forms of genes
loci · chromosomes · variation · mapping · mutation · haplotype · linkage · GWAS
RNA
Gene expression molecule
- mRNAGene's working copy
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
overexpression · silencing · differential · pathway · profiling · cDNA · splicing · quantification
diagnostics
Methods identifying problems
- biomarkersMeasurable disease indicators
- cancerUncontrolled cell proliferation disease
- pharmacogenomicsGene-based drug response study
clinical · disease · screening · classification · prognostic · therapeutic
spotted
Seen or patterned
- printedTransferred to paper
- high-throughputRapid large-scale processing capacity
- scannerDevice that reads data
laser · robotic · photolithography · inkjet · substrate · coating · immobilization · density · miniaturization
normalization
Adjusting to a standard
- clusteringForming concentrated groups
- bioinformaticsComputational analysis of genetic data
- statisticsCollected numerical information
algorithms · heatmap · PCA · hierarchical · significance · p-value · replicates · validation · preprocessing · scatter-plot
probe
Thorough examination or tool
- targetObject of pursuit
- complementaryMutually supplying lacks
- annealingHeat-softening of metals
stringency · fluorescence · labeling · wash · specificity · binding · thermodynamics · spotted · immobilized · capture
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- genotypingAnalyzing DNA variants
- polymorphismMany forms, one interface
alleles · loci · chromosomes · variation · mapping · mutation · haplotype · linkage · GWAS · heredity