isotonics
Equal concentration fluids
Isotonics refers to exercises performed against constant resistance through a full range of motion—the muscle changes length while tension remains steady.
Lifting weights is isotonic; holding a weight motionless is isometric.
The term also describes beverages formulated to match the body's fluid concentration, allowing rapid absorption during exercise: sports drinks are isotonic.
Conducting ions in solution
- rehydrationReplacing lost water
- sodiumEleventh element, highly reactive
- potassiumNineteenth element, symbol K
- magnesiumAlkaline earth metal
chloride · calcium · fluid replacement · water · absorption · replenish · glucose · carbohydrates
Pressure from solvent movement
- cell membraneOuter layer of cytoplasm
- tonicityOsmotic pressure difference
- salineSalt-water solution
- plasmaElectrified matter state
blood volume · concentration gradient · normal saline · homeostasis · osmosis · equilibrium
Sustained effort capacity
- staminaCapacity for sustained effort
- recoveryRegaining what was lost
- athletesSports competitors
- marathonLong-distance footrace
cycling · triathlon · running · cardio · fitness · training · energy · muscle recovery
Fibers tensing and shortening
- resistanceCapacity to withstand force
- repetitionAct of redoing
- strength trainingBuilding muscle through resistance
- toningStrengthening muscles gradually
concentric · eccentric · bicep curl · plank · wall sit · bodyweight · dumbbells · resistance bands
electrolytes
Conducting ions in solution
- rehydrationReplacing lost water
- sodiumEleventh element, highly reactive
- potassiumNineteenth element, symbol K
magnesium · chloride · calcium · fluid replacement · water · absorption · replenish · glucose · carbohydrates · thirst
osmotic pressure
Pressure from solvent movement
- cell membraneOuter layer of cytoplasm
- tonicityOsmotic pressure difference
- salineSalt-water solution
plasma · blood volume · concentration gradient · normal saline · homeostasis · osmosis · equilibrium
endurance
Sustained effort capacity
marathon · cycling · triathlon · running · cardio · fitness · training · energy · muscle recovery · peak performance
muscle contraction
Fibers tensing and shortening
- resistanceCapacity to withstand force
- repetitionAct of redoing
- strength trainingBuilding muscle through resistance
toning · concentric · eccentric · bicep curl · plank · wall sit · bodyweight · dumbbells · resistance bands · push-ups