impact assessment

Consequence evaluation study

Impact assessment is a systematic evaluation of potential effects before a decision is made.

Environmental impact assessments analyze how proposed projects might affect ecosystems.

Similar assessments examine social, economic, or health consequences: The city required an impact assessment before approving the development.

The goal is informed decision-making—identifying risks and benefits in advance.

social

community

Collective of connected people

diversity · welfare · demographics · cultural heritage · human rights · education · healthcare · accessibility · empowerment · participation

environmental

ecosystem

Interconnected organisms and surroundings

sustainability · habitat · climate change · deforestation · emissions · carbon footprint · renewable energy · greenhouse gases · endangered species · air quality

risk

hazard

Source of potential harm

mitigation · prevention · threat · exposure · resilience · contingency · likelihood · uncertainty · forecasting · scenario

economic

cost-benefit

Comparing expenditure to return

trade · growth · taxation · budgetary · productivity · unemployment · inflation · deflation · recession · subsidy

Opposites
evaluation vs. action

impact assessmentimplementation

Putting plans into effect

execution · action · intervention · doing · deployment

prospective vs. retrospective analysis

impact assessmentpost-mortem

Analysis after conclusion

after-action review · lessons learned · historical analysis

systematic vs. unsystematic approach

impact assessmentshooting from the hip

Acting without deliberation

willful ignorance · negligence · flying blind

Family

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