groundwaters
Underground water supplies
Groundwaters is the plural of groundwater, referring to water held underground in soil or in pores and crevices of rock formations.
While groundwater as a mass noun typically doesn't take a plural, groundwaters appears in technical and scientific contexts to distinguish between separate underground water bodies or aquifers in different locations or geological formations.
The study compared groundwaters from three distinct aquifer systems.
Solid stone underground
- stratumHorizontal layer of material
- porosityVoid space density
- permeabilityAbility to transmit fluids
- karstEroded soluble rock terrain
limestone · fissure · sinkhole · sediment · sandstone · gravel · clay · shale
Restore electrical capacity
- permeableAllowing substances through
- artesianGroundwater under natural pressure
- confinedKept within bounds
- unconfinedNot restricted or contained
wells · pumping · transmissivity · yield · drilling · monitoring · extraction · depletion
Water-saturated terrain
- riparianRelating to riverbanks
- springsCoils, sources, or leaps
- streamsContinuous flows of something
- ecosystemsInterdependent organism-environment systems
habitat · biodiversity · endemic · discharge · freshwater · aquatic · microorganisms · hydrology
Safe for ingestion
- irrigationArtificial water supply for agriculture
- wellsExcavated water sources
- sustainabilityCapacity to endure indefinitely
- extractionAct of removing
management · scarcity · conservation · pumping · allocation · rights · drought · reservoirs
Environmental harm from waste
- nitratesNitrogen-oxygen salt compounds
- pesticidesChemicals destroying harmful organisms
- leachateLiquid filtered through waste
- plumeOrnamental feather or rising column
remediation · filtration · runoff · landfill · fertilizers · arsenic · benzene · PFAS
bedrock
Solid stone underground
- stratumHorizontal layer of material
- porosityVoid space density
- permeabilityAbility to transmit fluids
karst · limestone · fissure · sinkhole · sediment · sandstone · gravel · clay · shale · fractures
recharge
Restore electrical capacity
- permeableAllowing substances through
- artesianGroundwater under natural pressure
- confinedKept within bounds
unconfined · wells · pumping · transmissivity · yield · drilling · monitoring · extraction · depletion · overdraft
wetlands
Water-saturated terrain
ecosystems · habitat · biodiversity · endemic · discharge · freshwater · aquatic · microorganisms · hydrology · conservation
potable
Safe for ingestion
- irrigationArtificial water supply for agriculture
- wellsExcavated water sources
- sustainabilityCapacity to endure indefinitely
extraction · management · scarcity · conservation · pumping · allocation · rights · drought · reservoirs · desalination
pollution
Environmental harm from waste
- nitratesNitrogen-oxygen salt compounds
- pesticidesChemicals destroying harmful organisms
- leachateLiquid filtered through waste
plume · remediation · filtration · runoff · landfill · fertilizers · arsenic · benzene · PFAS · treatment
groundwatersopen water
Unobstructed body navigable freely
standing water · ice caps · glaciers · water vapor · clouds
- groundwater levelDepth to saturated soil
- groundwater pollutionSubsurface water made toxic
- groundwater depletionExcessive withdrawal from underground reserves