freeze-dry
Dehydrate while frozen
Freeze-dry is a method of preservation that removes moisture by freezing a substance and then evaporating the ice directly into vapor under vacuum.
The process preserves flavor, texture, and nutrients better than conventional drying: freeze-dried coffee, freeze-dried fruit for backpacking.
Astronauts famously ate freeze-dried ice cream.
The technique is also used to preserve biological specimens and pharmaceuticals.
Solid to gas directly
- vacuumAbsence of matter
- desiccationComplete removal of moisture
- dehydrationExcessive fluid loss
- crystallizationForming ordered solid structure
evaporation · anhydrous · powdered · concentrated · stabilization · rehydration · reconstitution
Storable without refrigeration
- nonperishableResists decay or spoilage
- longevityDuration of existence
- shelf-lifePeriod before spoilage
- durabilityResistance to wear
storage · stability · ambient · pantry · archiving · conservation · airtight · sealed
Manufactured therapeutic substances
- specimensRepresentative items for examination
- laboratoryFacility for scientific investigation
- vaccinesPreparations conferring immunity
- enzymesReaction-speeding proteins
Spacecraft crew member
Outdoor recreational lodging
- backpackingSelf-supported wilderness travel
- hikingRecreational trail walking
- expeditionOrganized exploratory journey
- lightweightLacking mass or importance
portable · rations · mountaineering · provisions · MRE · trekking · wilderness
Restore fluid levels
- time-savingReducing required duration
- precookedHeated before packaging
- ready-to-eatRequiring no cooking
- snackLight between-meal fare
sublimation
Solid to gas directly
- vacuumAbsence of matter
- desiccationComplete removal of moisture
- dehydrationExcessive fluid loss
crystallization · evaporation · anhydrous · powdered · concentrated · stabilization · rehydration · reconstitution
shelf-stable
Storable without refrigeration
- nonperishableResists decay or spoilage
- longevityDuration of existence
- shelf-lifePeriod before spoilage
durability · storage · stability · ambient · pantry · archiving · conservation · airtight · sealed
pharmaceuticals
Manufactured therapeutic substances
- specimensRepresentative items for examination
- laboratoryFacility for scientific investigation
- vaccinesPreparations conferring immunity
enzymes · cultures · reagents · probiotics · antibiotics
astronaut
Spacecraft crew member
- NASAFederal space exploration bureau
- ISSOrbiting multinational research facility
- TangMedieval Chinese empire
orbital · spacecraft · shuttle
camping
Outdoor recreational lodging
- backpackingSelf-supported wilderness travel
- hikingRecreational trail walking
- expeditionOrganized exploratory journey
lightweight · portable · rations · mountaineering · provisions · MRE · trekking · wilderness
rehydrate
Restore fluid levels
- time-savingReducing required duration
- precookedHeated before packaging
- ready-to-eatRequiring no cooking
snack · pouch · single-serve
- preservationpreserve, preservatives, preservative, canning, drying
- dry outdehydrate, desiccate, parch, evaporate, wither