dosage compensation
Chromosome output equalization
Dosage compensation is the biological mechanism that equalizes gene expression between sexes when they have different numbers of sex chromosomes.
In mammals, females have two X chromosomes while males have one, so one female X is largely inactivated.
In fruit flies, the male's single X chromosome doubles its output instead.
The result is equivalent gene expression despite unequal chromosome counts.
mechanism
Increased cellular expression
- downregulationDecreased cellular response
- feedback loopsSelf-modifying response cycles
- hyperactivationExcessive triggering of response
chromosomal
Sex-linked genetic structure
- sex chromosomesDNA that determines gender
- trisomyThree chromosomes, not two
- mosaicismMixed genetic makeup
- sex determinationEstablishing male or female status
organisms
Fruit fly genus
- mammalsHair-bearing, milk-producing animals
- placental mammalsAnimals with internal fetal nourishment
- marsupialsPouch-bearing mammals
- fruit flySmall insect near produce
nematode · mouse · human · monotremes · birds
upregulation
Increased cellular expression
- downregulationDecreased cellular response
- feedback loopsSelf-modifying response cycles
- hyperactivationExcessive triggering of response
X-chromosome
Sex-linked genetic structure
- sex chromosomesDNA that determines gender
- trisomyThree chromosomes, not two
- mosaicismMixed genetic makeup
Drosophila
Fruit fly genus
- mammalsHair-bearing, milk-producing animals
- placental mammalsAnimals with internal fetal nourishment
- marsupialsPouch-bearing mammals
acetylation
Acetyl group attachment
- methylationAttaching a methyl group
- spreadingExtending over space
- sex biologybiological sex, sex chromosomes, Y chromosome, XY, sex determination
- sex geneticssex chromosomes, X chromosome, Y chromosome, sex determination, SRY gene
- Drosophila geneticsMorgan, Muller, balancers, Hox genes, wingless
- X-linked geneticsX chromosome, hemophilia, color blindness, colorblindness, red-green blindness
- geneticsDNA, allele, genotype, genes, gene
- Chromosome Proteins
compensation, compensating, compensated, dosage, compensatory, compensates, dosages, overcompensation