bilateralism

Agreements between two

Bilateralism is the practice of conducting relations or negotiations between two parties, especially nations.

It contrasts with multilateralism, where many parties participate.

In foreign policy, bilateralism favors direct agreements between two countries rather than broad international frameworks: The administration pursued bilateralism in trade deals, negotiating separately with each partner.

diplomacy

treaty

Binding pact between nations

  • accordHarmony between parties
  • pactFormal agreement between parties
  • negotiationDiscussion seeking mutual accord

summit · ambassador · envoy · dialogue · statecraft · embassy · consulate · protocol · rapprochement · détente

agreement

treaty

Binding pact between nations

protocol · accord · settlement · ratification · signatories · clauses · provisions · enforceable · commitment · understanding

cooperation

joint

Shared by multiple parties

collaborative · shared · interdependence · synergy · concerted · partnership · alliance · tandem · complementary · intergovernmental

structure

two-sided

With opposite surfaces

binary · paired · twofold · dichotomous · two-way · counterpart · parallel · corresponding · complementary

reciprocity

quid-pro-quo

Exchange of equivalents

parity · equivalence · symmetry · balance · corresponding · tit-for-tat · matching · proportional · even-handed · counterpart

trade

tariffs

Taxes on imports

quotas · commerce · goods · services · surplus · most-favored-nation · preferential · protectionism · dumping · commodities

Categories
Opposites
number of parties involved

bilateralismmultilateralism

Multi-party international cooperation

unilateralism · collective action · universalism · regionalism · unilateral action

cooperative vs. independent action

bilateralismunilateralism

Acting without international cooperation

isolationism · autarky · self-reliance · nonalignment · neutrality

Family

lateral, bilateral, laterally, unilateral, multilateral, unilaterally, bilaterally, multilaterally, bilaterals

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