anaphora
Repeated phrase beginnings
Anaphora is the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
It creates emphasis and rhythm: We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields.
The technique appears throughout oratory, poetry, and religious texts.
In linguistics, anaphora also refers to using a word (like a pronoun) to refer back to something mentioned earlier: in Sarah said she was tired, "she" is anaphoric.
Abstain from acting
- parallelismMatching structural elements
- repetitionAct of redoing
- verseMetered poetic passage
- stanzaPoem's line grouping
poetry · rhythm · emphasis · Whitman · Ginsberg · Dickinson · Blake · incantation
Act of redoing
- parallelismMatching structural elements
- antistropheChoral ode's answering section
- epistropheRepeating concluding words
- amplificationIncrease in intensity
emphasis · persuasion · oration · eloquence · speech · Demosthenes · Cicero · exordium
Something that precedes
- referenceDirecting attention elsewhere
- pronounNoun's grammatical replacement
- bindingLegally or morally required
- referentWhat a term designates
cohesion · ellipsis · substitution · discourse · syntax · clause · determiner · phrase
Formal worship structure
- prayerAddress to deity
- psalmSacred scriptural song
- litanyProlonged repetitive account
- chantRepetitive rhythmic phrase
congregation · worship · invocation · blessing · scripture · hymn · repetition · ritual
refrain
Abstain from acting
- parallelismMatching structural elements
- repetitionAct of redoing
- verseMetered poetic passage
stanza · poetry · rhythm · emphasis · Whitman · Ginsberg · Dickinson · Blake · incantation · litany
repetition
Act of redoing
- parallelismMatching structural elements
- antistropheChoral ode's answering section
- epistropheRepeating concluding words
amplification · emphasis · persuasion · oration · eloquence · speech · Demosthenes · Cicero · exordium · peroration
antecedent
Something that precedes
- referenceDirecting attention elsewhere
- pronounNoun's grammatical replacement
- bindingLegally or morally required
referent · cohesion · ellipsis · substitution · discourse · syntax · clause · determiner · phrase · grammatical
liturgy
Formal worship structure
chant · congregation · worship · invocation · blessing · scripture · hymn · repetition · ritual · call-and-response
- literary elementsplot, character, setting, theme, narrator
- repetitionagain, repeat, repeated, recurring, recurrence
- emphasisstress, accent, stressing, highlighting, underscoring
- literary devicesmetaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, alliteration
- rhetoricrhetoric, persuasion, oratory, argumentation, debate
- 20th-century oratoryfamous speeches, rhetorical devices, speechwriting, debate, elocution