Subarctic
Below the tundra
Subarctic describes regions just south of the Arctic Circle, characterized by long, cold winters and short summers.
The subarctic zone spans northern Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia, and Siberia—areas with permafrost and boreal forests.
Subarctic temperatures dropped to forty below.
The climate is harsh but not as extreme as the Arctic proper.
Frigid treeless biome
- permafrostPerpetually frozen earth layer
- borealOf northern regions
- taigaSubarctic evergreen biome
- polarOf extreme latitudes
frigid · continental · harsh winters · short summers · frost · snowpack · ice fog · windchill
Subarctic coniferous woodland zone
- lichenSymbiotic rock dweller
- mossSpore-bearing ground cover
- caribouNorth American arctic deer
- mooseLargest cervid, northern forests
muskeg · spruce · birch · wolverine · lynx · ptarmigan · lemmings · snowy owl
America's frozen northwest
- SiberiaRussia's eastern expanse
- ScandinaviaNordic countries collectively
- YukonNorthwestern Canadian territory
- LaplandArctic northern Europe region
Hudson Bay · Labrador · Nunavut · Greenland · Iceland · Kamchatka · Murmansk · Fairbanks
Arctic indigenous people
- AthabaskanNorthern indigenous language group
- reindeer herdingRaising domesticated caribou commercially
- subsistence huntingHunting solely for food
- First NationsCanada's non-Inuit indigenous peoples
Aleut · traditional knowledge · seal hunting · dog sledding · permaculture · fur trapping · nomadic · ice fishing
Clothing for low temperatures
- insulationThermal transfer prevention
- layeringForming successive strata
- frostbiteFreezing of body tissue
- hypothermiaDangerously low body temperature
shelter building · firecraft · snowshoes · mushing · provisions · icebreaker · extreme conditions · expedition
tundra
Frigid treeless biome
- permafrostPerpetually frozen earth layer
- borealOf northern regions
- taigaSubarctic evergreen biome
polar · frigid · continental · harsh winters · short summers · frost · snowpack · ice fog · windchill · temperature extremes
boreal forest
Subarctic coniferous woodland zone
moose · muskeg · spruce · birch · wolverine · lynx · ptarmigan · lemmings · snowy owl · muskox
Alaska
America's frozen northwest
- SiberiaRussia's eastern expanse
- ScandinaviaNordic countries collectively
- YukonNorthwestern Canadian territory
Lapland · Hudson Bay · Labrador · Nunavut · Greenland · Iceland · Kamchatka · Murmansk · Fairbanks · Northwest Territories
Inuit
Arctic indigenous people
- AthabaskanNorthern indigenous language group
- reindeer herdingRaising domesticated caribou commercially
- subsistence huntingHunting solely for food
First Nations · Aleut · traditional knowledge · seal hunting · dog sledding · permaculture · fur trapping · nomadic · ice fishing · oral traditions
cold weather gear
Clothing for low temperatures
- insulationThermal transfer prevention
- layeringForming successive strata
- frostbiteFreezing of body tissue
hypothermia · shelter building · firecraft · snowshoes · mushing · provisions · icebreaker · extreme conditions · expedition · bush plane
Subarctictropical
Of hot, humid regions
equatorial · subantarctic · subtropical · torrid · hot
Subarcticsubantarctic
Bordering the southernmost zone
subtropical · equatorial · tropical · Southern Hemisphere · austral